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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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Some common alterations of renal and urinary tract function in children include: Hydronephrosis: A blockage that causes urine to back up into the kidney, making it appear enlarged on an ultrasound Reflux: A valve-like mechanism at the point where the ureter joins the bladder doesn't work, allowing urine to wash back up into the kidney Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A blockage in the area where the renal pelvis meets the ureters Ureterovesical junction obstruction: A blockage in the area where the ureter meets the bladder Multicystic dysplastic kidney: When fluid-filled sacs or cysts... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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18 Questions

1. A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. This condition would be graded:
2. Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as:
3. What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys?
4. What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
5. The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be:
6. A 7-year-old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which sign would support this diagnosis?
7. A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent before. This history supports which form of enuresis?
8. When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:
9. An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
10. A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:
11. A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:
12. A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. The nurse will monitor for recurrent:
13. A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which clinical condition is often associated with this disease?
14. A 15-year-old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
15. A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?
16. Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. These abnormalities support which diagnosis?
17. Which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a child’s diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?
18. If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

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