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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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Diseases that affect the central and peripheral nervous system are called neurological disorders. These include the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles.  Some disorders of the nervous system include: Structural disorders: Such as brain or spinal cord injury, Bell's palsy, cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumors, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome Functional disorders: Such as headache, epilepsy, dizziness, and neuralgia  Some examples of... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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25 Questions

1. A patient diagnosed with a spinal cord injury experienced spinal shock lasting 15 days. The patient is now experiencing an uncompensated cardiovascular response to sympathetic stimulation. What does the nurse suspect caused this condition?
2. A major contributing process in CVAs is the development of atheromatous plaques in cerebral circulation. Where do these plaques most commonly form?
3. Who is most at risk of spinal cord injury because of preexisting degenerative disorders?
4. A patient presents with seizures. An MRI reveals a meningioma most likely originating from the:
5. Upon autopsy of a 25-year-old, abnormalities in the media of the arterial wall and degenerative changes were detected. Which of the following would most likely accompany this finding?
6. What is the most common early symptom of a brain abscess?
7. Patient teaching is considered successful regarding myasthenia gravis when the patient identifies its cause as being:
8. A 69-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. The patient’s history and symptomology support which medical diagnosis?
9. After falling, a patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 5 initially and 7 after 1 day. The patient remained unconscious for 2 weeks but is now awake, confused, and experiencing anterograde amnesia. This history supports which medical diagnosis?
10. A nurse is preparing to teach staff about the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Which type of traumatic brain injury should the nurse discuss?
11. Immediately after being struck by a motor vehicle, a patient is unconscious, but the patient regains consciousness before arriving at the hospital and appears alert and oriented. The next morning the patient is confused and demonstrates impaired responsiveness. The patient’s history and symptoms support which medical diagnosis?
12. What are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults?
13. A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. History includes a previously treated sinusitis. Which medical diagnosis is best supported by this assessment data?
14. Six weeks ago a patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. What complication does the nurse suspect when the patient develops a blood pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia?
15. A patient is newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). What physiological change is causing the patient’s symptoms?
16. Which of the following would increase a patient’s risk for thrombotic stroke?
17. A 60-year-old patient with a recent history of head trauma and a long-term history of hypertension presents to the ER for changes in mental status. MRI reveals that the patient has experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage. What does the nurse suspect caused this type of stroke?
18. A patient presents with acute low back pain. There is no history of trauma. An MRI reveals that the vertebra at L5 has slipped forward relative to those below it. Which of the following conditions will be documented on the chart?
19. Most causes of encephalitis are which of the following?
20. The patient reports generalized muscle weakness. The health care provider orders administration of the medication edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). This medication is used in the diagnosis of:
21. A CT scan reveals that a patient has an open basilar skull fracture. Which major complication should the nurse observe for in this patient?
22. A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke?
23. What is the main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) hematomas?
24. A 65-year-old patient diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to uncontrolled hypertension appears drowsy and confused with pronounced focal neurologic deficits. This symptomology would place this hemorrhage at which grade?
25. A patient is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals spinal cord injury, and his body temperature fluctuates markedly. The most accurate explanation of this phenomenon is that:

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