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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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We have electrolytes in our blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids. Electrolytes are important because they help: Balance the amount of water in our body. Balance our body's acid/base (pH) level.
Common electrolyte imbalances include hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and hypophosphatemia. Acid-base imbalances, either acidemia or alkalemia, occur as a result of the addition of acid and depletion of alkali reserve, or the loss of acid with a relative increase in alkali reserve.

Pathophysiology Practice Test: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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25 Questions

1. While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:
2. A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
3. A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?
4. An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
5. Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
6. When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of:
7. A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?
8. A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the:
9. A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered the total volume of body water?
10. A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
11. Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium deficits?
12. Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
13. Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
14. A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
15. A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
16. A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
17. A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results?
18. A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
19. Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
20. For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
21. Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
22. Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with:
23. A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
24. Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
25. For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:

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