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SAT Essay Logical Fallacies
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SAT Essay Logical Fallacies
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25 Questions

1. Drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence; using all instances when only some apply

2. Information gained from personal experience representing a general pattern

3. Fallacy that asserts that given two positions - there exists a compromise between them which must be correct.

4. Information that can be objectively proven as true

5. Information the writer asserts as being the result of an event

6. When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. i.e. People choose what laws they obey. The Law of Gravity is a law. I choose to disobey the law of gravity.

7. Trying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea

8. Cause and Effect: Assuming that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident

9. Logical reasoning that establishes specific facts or contentions leading to a general conclusion

10. Have all reasonable alternatives been considered/eliminated? Does this author attack the other views in a fair way?

11. Is there a reasonable connection between the cause and the effect? Is that connection explained? Are there other possible causes that have not been considered?

12. The use by a speaker of coded language that appears to mean one thing to the general population but has a different (and negative) meaning for a targeted subgroup of the audience.

13. Writer encourages readers to accept a conclusion without any support

14. Prejudging an individual based on ideas one has about the group the individual belongs to

15. Analogy or comparison that is not logically consistent

16. A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

17. Everybody knows fallacy. Asserts that some idea is common knowledge - so it must be true.

18. Common knowledge or beliefs readers accept as true

19. Any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue

20. Generalization: Assumes that members of a group must have a characteristic because one or more of its members has that characteristic.

21. Reasoning by Proof: the evidence offered does not really support the claim. Non Sequitur (It does not follow)

22. Does the evidence prove the point being argued? Is this authority an expert on this particular topic?

23. Reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case

24. Cause and Effect: claim than an event with more than one cause has only one cause

25. Ambiguity or multiplicity of interpretations of a repeated word or phrase

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