1. If 5 kg of californium were allowed to fission completely, how much energy would be released?

2. The Big Bang theory postulates that the entire presently known universe, shortly after the Big Bang, was approximately 1 AU in radius (1.5 × 1011 m) and had a mass density of 1015 g/cm3. If we assume that one part of this sphere was composed of protons, one part of neutrons, and one part of electrons, how many particles were contained in the universe at that time? (Protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1.67 × 10−30 g. An electron has a mass of 9.11 × 10−33 g.) . we are given the radius of the universe shortly after the big bang: converted to centimeters it is 1.5 × 1013 cm. the volume of a sphere is 0.75 × π × r3

3. What happens in beta decay?

4. If uranium235 radiates 200 MeV per fission, what is the heat of fission in terms of J/kg?

5. Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24 days and decays through beta emission to protactinium-234. If you were given 5 kg of thorium, how long would it take for it to decay to 2.5 kg?

6. Why aren’t all the atomic mass units (amu) listed on the periodic table integers?

7. The element 92uranium238 decays to a stable isotope of 82lead206. How many alpha particles must be emitted during the decay process?

8. What happens in beta decay?

9. If 5 kg of californium were allowed to fission completely, how much energy would be released?

10. In nuclear fission, what causes the fission? How can it be regulated?

11. How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are in an atom of 92uranium235?

12. How much energy is contained in photons with the following wavelengths: 2.02 × 10−2 m (microwave), 10.6 mm (mid-infrared), 1.68 × 10−8 m (ultraviolet), and 2.02 × 10−10 m (X-ray)?

13. What governs the energy contained in a photon?

14. In nuclear fission, what causes the fission? How can it be regulated?

15. The Big Bang theory postulates that the entire presently known universe, shortly after the Big Bang, was approximately 1 AU in radius (1.5 × 1011 m) and had a mass density of 1015 g/cm3. If we assume that one part of this sphere was composed of protons, one part of neutrons, and one part of electrons, how many particles were contained in the universe at that time? (Protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1.67 × 10−30 g. An electron has a mass of 9.11 × 10−33 g.) . we are given the radius of the universe shortly after the big bang: converted to centimeters it is 1.5 × 1013 cm. the volume of a sphere is 0.75 × π × r3

16. If uranium235 radiates 200 MeV per fission, what is the heat of fission in terms of J/kg?

17. What particles are emitted during the nuclear decay processes?

18. Why can a slow neutron trigger nuclear fission in uranium235 but a slow proton cannot?

19. In a cyclotron, an electron is excited to 1 eV. How fast is it moving?

20. Rutherford bombarded 7nitrogen14 with alpha particles from natural sources to produce oxygen and hydrogen. What were the resulting atomic numbers and atomic mass units?

21. As of June 2011, how many radioactive elements are naturally occurring? How many are manmade?

22. Do all elements undergo alpha decay?