Key Points - Displacing Indigenous peoples

Sources
Oral History of natives
Historical and fiction work written by natives
Galleries and Museums of native art
Why weren't we told by Henry
Reynolds
This theme tells the story of what European settlers did to the native peoples of Australia and America. The natives and the Europeans represented competing. notions of Civilization.

European Impartation:
Spain and Portugal did not expand thin empire after the 17th Century
Replaced by France, Holland and Britain extending trading activities and established colonies in America, Africa and Asia.
Ireland was also a colony of England.
Prospect of Profit drove people to establish colony
Nature of the control on colony was varied
Trading company became political power in South Asia, defeated rulers, retained administrative system.
Collected taxes and built railway to make trade easier, excavated mines and established big plantation.
Africa was divided as colonies among Europeans.

North America:
The native Peoples
Might have came from Asia through a land bridge across the Bering straits, 30000 years before.
Lived in groups along river valley
Goods were obtained not by buying, but by gifts
Numerous language but not written down
Friendly and welcoming to Europeans
Natives addicted of Alcohol and tobacco and so European dictated the terms of trade

Comparative Study between American natives and Europeans.
Natives
Un civilized 'noble savage'
The goods they exchanged with
Europeans when gift
Were not aware of the market
European
They were not happy with the greed of the Europeans
Natives were afraid that the animals would take revenge for this destruction
Natives identified Forest tracks invisible to the Europeans
 i) Civilized ii) Gift, were commodities which they would sell for a profit iii) Every thing was assessed with the value in the market. iv) Slaughtering thing of weaver was the Prime motive to maximise profit v) They killed wild animals to protect farms. vi) European imagined the Forest to be converted into green corn fields.

The Gold Rush and the growth of Industries

1. Traces of gold led to 'Gold Rush' in 1840's in California.

2. Led to building of railway lines across the continent.

3. Industries developed to manufacture Railway equipment.

4. To make large scale Farming possible machinery Produced

5. Employment generation led to growth of towns and factories.

6. Within 30 years in 1890 USA was the leading industrial power.

Natives
Constitutional Rights in North America
Democratic Rights
Right to Property
 aboriginal and Treaty rights (right to buy land or) take loan
Right to Vote
Declaration of Indian rights 1954
Indian reorganisation act of 1934

Australia
Early settlers were convicts deported from England on Condition not to return again.
Ejected natives from land and took over for cultivation without remorse.
Natives were Employed in farms, Later Chinese immigrants provided cheap labour
Australia's non - white policy.
'The great Australian Silence' - the silence of historians about the aborigins.
Multi culturalism, an offcial in Australia from 1974, an equal respect to all culture .
White Australia policy ends in 1974 and Asian immigrants allowed
'Terra nullins' legally invalid and recognise native claims to land from be fare 1770.
'A National sorry day' as apology for the children lost from the 1820's to the 1970's
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Model Questions

2 Marks Questions

1. How did expansion of USA take Place ?
A.i) Large areas were acquired by Purchase Like Lousiana (1803) and Alaska (1867) ii)
By war - much of Southern USA was won From Mexico. iii) Assigned by treaty with great Britain in 1846.

5 Marks Questions :
1. How did USA solve the problem of Slavery ?
Ans. i) The northern states argued for ending slavery which they condemned as an inhuman
Practice. ii) Southern States Plantation Owner bought slaves in Africa to bring USA. iii) Protests by anti slavery group led to a ban on slave trade. iv) Africans who were in the USA remained slaves, as did their children. v) In 1861 - 65 a civil war took place in which northern states won to abolish slavery. vi) In 1968 African American won the battle of civil liberties.

10 Marks Questions :
1. How did Natives of a North America lose their land ? What were their sufferings ?
Ans. i) Natives forced to move by signing treaties or selling lands . ii) Cheated by taking more land or paying less. iii) Depriving the native peoples of their land was seen wrong. iv) Cherokee tribe governed by the state but could not enjoy the rights of citizens v) A judgement of Chief Court that cherokee were a distinct community occuping its own territory in which law of Georgia had no force. vi) Andrew Jackson - ' Trail of Tears' vii) Natives were called lazy, not skilled, not learning English or dressing Properly. Deserve to die out. Concentrated into 'reservation' . A series of rebilions were crushed.

2 Marks Questions

1. What was the white Australia Policy ?

2. Write two effects of the American civil war .

3. What do you mean by Reservation ?

4. What do you mean by 'Trails of Tears' ?

5. What is the meaning of 'terra nullins' ?

5 Marks Question

1. Why was the history of the Australian native peoples left out of history books ?

2. Comment on any points of difference between the native peoples of south and North America.

3. Why the US and Canadian Governments ended all special Provisions for the natives ? Explain

4. Why white American felt sympathy for the natives who simultaneously denied the benefits of citizenship ?

5. What did the frontier mean to the America ?

10 Marks Question

1. How can you say that the economic development of Australia under European settlement was not as varied as in American ?

2. Why a lot of Europeans hurried to America in the hope of making a quick fortune ?

Passage based question
A description of the sydney Area in 1790 -
What do you mean by aboriginal production ?
Who is the New comers ?
What were the activities of the natives ?
What is the name of book from which this passage has been taken ?

Map Skill
On the outline map of Australia place the following city.
Perth, Darwin, Adilaide, Melbourne, Canbera, Sydney