Key Points - Writing and city life (Ancient Mesopotamia)

Political factor
Social factor
City life Condition of Women
City States
Kings
Economic factor
Urbanisation
Trade
Comparision
System of
Writing Script
Urbanism
Movt. Development of of Writiy goods
Mesopotamian
Writing
Records of transactions
Literacy
Tablets
Uses of
Writing
British
Museum
Modern
Writing
Calendar
- Division of years into 12 months
- Division of Months into weeks
- Division of Weeks into day
- Division of Days into hours
- Division of Hours into 60 minutes

Square
Intermix true of
Culture
Bible (Old Testament)
Square Root
Tables
Texts
Greatest Legacy of Writing
Scholarly tradition of time reckoning
Tablets
Source
Elite
Class
Supporting
Conditions
Geography
Cultural factor
Mathematics
Phenomenon
Recorder of the Past
Tables of Compound interest

Problems regarding
- a field of area
- volume of water

Writing and city life

I. Geography
7000 - 6000 BCE
/ began agriculture
Land of Diverse
Steppe Grass Land
River Euphrates and Tigris
Water - resource
Caused the rural
Prosperity
Urbanisation
Cities and
Towns
Social organisation in place
An advantage for people to cluster in towns.
Helpful for the city
Manufacturers
Movement of Goods
Abundance of food recources
Lack of tools scals
Jewels
To be exported
To be imported
Importance of the Euprates as'World route'
Development of Writing
Tablets (Written around 3200 BCE)
Played an important role - to keep records of transactions.
[ Writing named - (cuneiform - writing]

II.
Comparision
Mesopotamian Writing :
As the world phenomenon
Recorder of the Past

III.
Modern - Writing
Greatest - Legacy of Writing
- Calendor
- Mathematics
Political Factor
1. Assurbanipal
2. Hammurabi
3. Zimrilin

 (5000 BCE - Settlements began in Mesopotamia)

Religions Factor
Gods
Temples
Kings (in the imperial cities)
3. Mari
2. Babylone
1. Assyria
City States

IV.
Social Factor
Ur - was a town, one of the earliest cities.
- Compared with Mohenjodaro
Life in the City - A ruling elite had emerged

- Red a major share of wealth
- Followed nuclear family system & Patriarchal system
- Condition of Women
- System of Marriages

V.
Economic Factors
Urbanism
- Cities and Towns were the places for economic development
- Places for city manufacturers

Trade
- Traded - Textiles and agricultural product for
- Wood, Copper, tin

Silver, gold, s... and various stones from turkey and Iron
- Canals and natural channels were in fact roules for good transports.
- Euphrates became as a world route

Record of Iransaction
- Writing began in

Mesopotamia in 3200 BCE .
- Writing became as a records of transactions
- 2600 BCE the letters became cuniform and language was samerian

Cultural Factors
VI.
System of Writing
- Writing was skilled craft
- Visual form of system of sounds of a particular language

Literacy
- Writing reflected the mode of speaking
- King and very few could read
- Official letter from a king could be read

Uses of Writing
- Connections between city life trade and writing is brought out.
- If has brought out in a long sumerian epic poem about Enmerkar (king)
- Kingship was able to organise trade and writing.

Inter Mixture culture
- Mesopotamian society and culture were open to different people and cultures.
- Thus the vitality of the civilisation wasof course - an intermixture culture
- Cuneiform Script

Meaning
Uses

Sources
VII.
Tables (Written around
32000 BCE)
Bible (old Testament)
British
Museum
Texts
10
Greatest Legacy of Writing

VIII.
I.
II.
Mathematical contribution
Scholarly tradition of time reckoning
Recorder of Modern world Phenomenon past
Calendar
- Division of years
- Division of Months
- Division of Weeks
- Division of Days
- Division of Hours
- Division of Minutes
- Division of Secons
Tablets with multiplication and division
Square
Square route tables
Tables of
Compund interest
Problem regarding
- a field of area
- Volume of water

ix) Time line - refer to the text book Page No. 48
x) Key Words
Mesopotamia, Cuneiform, Syllable, Steles, Nuclear Family.
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Model Questions

[ 2 marks Questions]

1. Write the meaning of Mesopotamia and its importance in world history.
2. Why did the writing begin with its visible sign. & in Mesopotamia ?
3. Write the two major necessities for urbanisation,
4. Name the tour major cities of Mesopotamia.
5. Mention the two major Mesopotamian legacy .

5 Marks Qs.
1. 'Iraq is a land of diverse environments' Illustrate.
2. Mention the significance of Urbanism in Meropotamia.
3. Compair the one of the earliest cities 'Ur' with Indian - town Mohenjodaro.
4. Mention the importance of the palace at Mari of king Zimrilim (1810 - 1760 BCE)
5. Why would the early temple have been much like a house ?

10 Marks Qs.
1. 'After 2000 BCE the royal capital of Mari flourised' Justify'
2. Discuss the greatest legacy of Mesopotamia to the world in scholarly tradition of time reckoning and mathematics.

Passage - based questions :
1. The warka Head - refer to the text book Page - 32
2. The Place at Mari of King Zimrilim (1810 - 1760 ACE) refer to the text book - page - 43
1. a) When was Warka Head sculpted and with what material ?
b) Write any three special features of this sculpture.
c) Do you think that city life is possible without use of metals ?
d) 'The division of labour is a mark of urban life' Comment.
2. a) When was the royal city capital of Mari flourished ?
b) Why was 'the royal capital of Mari too much famous in its time?
c) How were the large, open courtyards so beautifully paved ?
d) Mention the plan of the palace maintained by the King Zimrilim.

Map Work :
1.Locate on the given outline map of world the following : a) Ur b) Uruk c) Babylon  d) Persian Gulf

2. Locate on the given outline map of the world the following places : a) Nineveh  b) Assur  c) Mari  d) Baghdad  e) Babylon
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Model Questions with answer
1. Write the meaning of Mesopotamia and its importance in world history.
Ans.
-  Meaning - Land between two rivers Euphrates Tigris
-  City life began is Mesopotamia.
-  That is now part of the Republic of Iraq.
-  Mesopotamia civilisation is known for its prosperity, literature, Mathematics and astronomy.
-  Its Writing system and literature spread to the eastern Mediterranean, northern Syria andTurkey after 2000 BCE.

5 Marks Question :
Q 'Iraq is a land of diverse environments' Illustrate.
-  North east lie - green undulating plains, gradeally rising to tree covered mountain ranges with clean streans and wild flowers, with enough rainfall to grow crops.
-  In North - There is a stretch of upland called a steppe - where animals' herding offers people a better livilihood than agriculture.
-  In the east - tributaries of the Tigris provide routes of communication into mountains of Iran.
-  The South is a desert - t he place with the first cities and writing emerged. [ five relevant points must]

10 Marks Question
1.Discuss the greatest legacy of Mesopotamia to the world in scholarly tradition of time reckoning and mathematics.
- Tradition of time

- Division of years
- Division of Months
- Division of Weeks
- Division of Days
- Division of Hours
- Division of Minutes
- Division of Seconds

2. Recorder of Modern world Phenomenon past
– Writing use of writing, system of writing
– Writing and cities and t rade.

II.
Mathematics :
- Tablets with multiplication and division
- Square
- Square - routes tables
- Table of compound interest
- Problems regarding
– a field of area
– Volume of water
[ 10 relevant points to be given ]