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Sources or Information Official Records Dynastic history Scholarly writings Popular Literature Religious literature Introduction
1. Continental Country:China i2. Three major river systems the Yellow the Yangtse, the pearl3. Mountainous region4. Divergent ethnic group - Han Vighur, Hui, Manchu, Tibitan5. Major languages - Chinese, Cantonese 6. Food habit - Wheat, Pastries, dumplings, dimsum, rice
Japan Group of Islands - Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Hokkaido No major river system 50% area in Mountainous active earthquake Zone Homogenous ethnic group Japanese language Rice, Wheat, Fish (Raw fish) or (Sashimi or sushi) ...................................................................................................... Japan
Political System Centre of Power Kyoto - Power to Shoguns - at Edo Divided country into 250 domains under daimyo - stayed at Edo to avert any rebel Samurai served the shogun and daimyo 16th Century - Three Changes (a) Peasantry disarmed to end Frequent War (b) Anatomy to daimyo (c) land measurement for productivity and revenue Growth of a commercial economy and a vibrant culture Increased use of money and creation of stock market led the economy in new ways. Social and intellectual changes - Chinese influence was questioned and study of ancient Japanese literature promoted . The Meiji Restoration Trade and diplomatic relation with USA. IN 1868, a movement removed Shogun and brought Emperor to Edo ( TOKYO). Learn new ideas from Europe or Exclude European. Some favoured gradual and limited opening to the outer world.
5. Rich country & strong army - A sense of nationhood and to transform subjects into citizens Emperor System - King, bureaucracy and military descendant fo sun, birth day - national holiday western style military uniforms. Meiji Reforms Administrative Reforms Economic Reforms Industrial Reforms Educational Reforms (Nationalism, Westernization, Modernity) Constitutional reforms Agricultural Reforms Re-emergence of Japan as a Gloal Economic Power Economic Reforms Political reforms Civil society movement No War clause state policy right to vote for women in 1946 Agrarian Reforms - dismantle of Monopoly houses Industrial reform close working of state and industry Korean and Vietnamese War Bullet Train in 1964 TOKYO Olympics Pressure group against Industrial Pollution .......................................................................................................................... China - Modern History of China revolved around these issues - How to regain Sovereignty - End the humiliation of Foreign Occupation - Bring out equality and development
Three Groups Republican revolutionaries Sun Yat Sen inspired by the ideas from the Japan and the west
Liang Qichao Use traditional dias in New and different way to meet western challenges CCP wanted to end age old inequalities and dispel foreigners
Establishing the Republic Manchu dynasty over thrown and a republic established in 1911 under Sun-Yat-Sen. Three Principles - nationalism, democracy and socialism revolutionaries asked for - driving out the foreigners to control natural resources, to remove inequalities, reduce poverty. advocated reforms - use of simple language, abolish foot binding and Female subordination, equality in marriage and economic development. Four great needs - clothing food, housing and transportation. Chiang - Kai - Shek ( 1887 - 1975) military campaign to control the warlords and eliminate the communists. Women to cultivate four virtue - Chastity, appearance, speech and work and confined to the household . Sun-Yat-Sen's Programme - regulating capital and equalizing land never carried out. Imposed military order rather than address the problem of Peasantry.
The Rise of the Communist Party of China:
Factors Ecological Factors Soil Exhanstion Deforestation Expoloitative land Tenure System Socio - Economic Factors Floods Indebtedness Primitive Technology Poor Communication
Establishing the New Democracy 1949 - 65 Economy under govt. control. Private enterprise and Private ownership of land abolished. The great leap forward movement in 1958 Creating a socialist man and five love - father land, People, labour, science and Public property. Commune system modified and backyard furnace was unusable industrially.
Great Proletarian cultural Revolution Conflict between the concept of 'socialist man' and expertise. Red guards ( students and army) used against old culture, old customs and old habits Students and professionals were sent to village to learn from masses Ideology and slogan replaced rational debate The cultural revolution weakened the party disrupted economy and educational system In 1975 the party once again laid emphasis on greater social discipline and build an industrial economy.
Reforms of 1978 Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping kept party control strong while introducing a socialist market economy Four modernisation - Science, industry, agriculture and defence. The Fifth modernisation - Democracy. May Fourth movement - Tiananmen square Emergence of debates on ways to develop china growing revival of traditional ideas of Confucianism.
The Story of Taiwan Taiwan a Japanese colony since 1894 - 95 war with Japan. The Cairo (1943) and Portsdom Proclamation ( 1949) restored to China. GMD under Chiangkai - Shek established a repressive govt. Freedom of speech, Political opposition banned. Excluded local people from position of power Land reforms to increase agricultural productivity and modernise the economy. Transformation of Taiwan into a democracy after the death of Chiang in 1975. Martial law lifted in 1987. Free elections - local Taiwanese to power.
Re-unification with China - a Contentious issue China - a semi autonomous Taiwan may be acceptable to China . .................................................................................... Model Questions with answers
2 Marks Questions
Q. What was 'one hundred flower movement' Why did it fail ? Ans.i) It started with a slogan of Mao. ' Make a hundred flower Bloom' ii) He wanted to be seen as a leader who was open to new ideas and a liberal thoughts
5 Marks Questions Q. What do you mean by Mao's great leap forward ? Ans. i) launched in 1958 ii) a policy to galvanise the country to industrialize rapidly iii) People to set up steel furnaces in backyards iv) People's communes were started v) Mao was able to mobilise the masses to attain the goals set by the Party
10 Marks Questions Q. Explain the rise of the communist party in China. Ans. i) CCP founded in 1921 - influence of Russian Success ii) Appeal of Third international iii) Mao Zedong's (1893 - 1976) role in Jiangxi . iv) A strong Peasant council ( Soviet) was organised v) Emergence of rural women's associations vi) A new marriage law - forebade arranged marriage, stopped purchase or sale of marriage contracts and simplified divorce. vii) Guomindang blockade forced to Long March to Shanxi viii) Developed three programme to end word lordism carry out land reforms and fight imperialism. ix) During war the communist and the Guomindang worked together . x) At the end of the war the communist defeated Guomindang and captured power.
2 Marks Questions1. Mention two aims of National Movement in China led y Dr. Sun Yat Sen.2. What was the importance of Japan's rise as great power for the Asian Continent ?3. Describe the growth of nationalist movement in China up to 1914 .4. How Japan was weakened after the war ?5. How did Deng raise Chinese people's expectations ?
5 Marks Questions1. According to Mao, mention five loves. Mass organisations were created for whom ?2. How the Chinese path to modernisation was very different ?3. Why the Guomindang despite its attempts to unite the country failed ?4. How was the beginning of modern China started ?5. How was the modernising of economy started in Japan ?
10 Marks Questions1. How Japan re emerged as a global economic Power after its defeat ?2. Explain the political system of Japan from 1603 to 1867
Examine the role of Mao Zedong i n the chinese communist revolution and his strategy of Revolution . Examine the development in China between 1911 and 1924. What is Meiji restoration ? Write the reforms undertaken by the govt. Passage based question - Page : 237 a) b) c) d) From Whom did the Japanese borrow their script ? Who developed two Phonetic alphabets and Name them ? Which Phonetic is Considered to be Feminine and why ? How do Phonetic syllabary help us ?
Map Skill
On the outline map of Asia place the following city. Shanghai Nagasaki Hiroshima Kyoto Tokyo
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