1. An unresponsive patient with a pulse is breathing with very shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which intervention would be most beneficial for this patient?

2. Which gas law is disrupted when a patient sustains a spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

3. A slightly confused but conscious 61-year-old female patient with generalized weakness has a heart rate of 190 beats/min. She has a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. Her blood pressure is 78/56 mmHg, and she has a pulse oximetry reading of 93%. Which disturbance would best explain this patient's presentation?

4. For a patient breathing in room air, the EMT would estimate the FiO2 to be:

5. A patient with a severe infection is very sick. Circulating toxins from bacteria in his blood have decreased his systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Which blood pressure change would the EMT correlate to this condition?

6. Which condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the cell to the bloodstream?

7. What definition best describes the concept of afterload?

8. What is the best description of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio?

9. A young patient is experiencing epiglottitis. He is working hard to breathe, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and his pulse is rapid but strong. What is the most likely cause (not result) of the poor delivery of oxygen to the cells?

10. A patient has been shot three times in the abdomen and has massive internal hemorrhage and blood loss. Which treatment will give this patient the best chance at survival?

11. What is the primary way in which oxygen is transported to the cells?

12. A patient with a high fever has an accelerated metabolism and is producing abnormally large amounts of carbon dioxide at the cellular level. To compensate for this effect, what will occur?

13. A patient's brain cells are undergoing anaerobic metabolism. As a result, those cells:

14. A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thereby lowering his blood pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting:

15. A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, which in turn is impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be:

16. What is baroreceptors' role in the body?

17. Normal cellular metabolism can be defined as:

18. Which condition is recognized as one that will affect the ventilation component of the ventilation/perfusion ratio?

19. Which condition would directly compromise the average patient's cardiac output?

20. When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?

21. A patient with a low blood sugar is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is labored and his pulse is rapid and weak. Examination of the skin reveals it to be cool and diaphoretic. Your partner informs you of the following vital signs: pulse, 120; respirations, 18 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/60 mmHg; and SpO2 at 84% on room air. Which action would you perform first?

22. Which statement is true of a patient who relies on the hypoxic drive to breathe?

23. What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

24. A 35-year-old male patient is lethargic and dehydrated after working at a construction site for 12 hours on a very hot day. You obtain the following vital signs: pulse, 136; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 100% with supplemental oxygen. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize:

25. For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require: