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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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Here are some alterations in pulmonary function in children: Lung growth: An infant's lung has around 20 million terminal alveolar sacs at birth, but by age eight it has 300 million, which is the number of mature alveoli found in an adult's lung. Airway infections: Infections of the airway during this vulnerable stage can impair normal anatomic development, which may explain some long-term effects on pulmonary function. Postural alterations: Children who breathe through their mouths have postural alterations that increase with age, and reduced spirometry values. Air pollutants: Children... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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24 Questions

1. A newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome is monitored for atelectasis because of:
2. A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs:
3. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) peaks between _____ and ____months of age.
4. Which pathology is characteristic of asthma?
5. To help confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 1-year-old child which substance will be monitored for in the child’s sweat?
6. A 2-week-old female presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, and empyema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
7. To prevent sudden infant death syndrome, the nurse should instruct parents to:
8. A 10-year-old is diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. When the parents ask, the nurse shares that the initial treatment will be:
9. A 5-year-old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Acute epiglottitis is suspected. When assessing the child the nurse would avoid:
10. The coroner ruled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as the cause of death of a 5-month-old-female. Which risk factor is most likely associated with SIDS?
11. After nearly drowning a 2-year-old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?
12. A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack?
13. An 11-year-old presents with a low-grade fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
14. A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?
15. A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation. The nurse monitors the patient closely for which potentially fatal complication of CF?
16. An infant was born 10 weeks premature and requires mechanical ventilation. Two months later the infant presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?
17. A 6-month-old presents with rhinorrhea, cough, poor feeding, lethargy, and fever and is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?
18. What is the most likely cause of croup?
19. A 9-year-old contracted influenza. Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?
20. A 2-year-old presents with fever and cough and is diagnosed with pneumonia. While planning treatment for this patient, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most likely cause?
21. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an _____ disease.
22. During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as:
23. A cardiovascular alteration seen in a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome includes:
24. A 7-month-old presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing confirms the diagnosis. Which of the following is characteristic of CF?

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