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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
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Altered cellular and tissue biology can refer to cellular adaptations that cells make to protect themselves from injury, or to the effects of environmental stimuli or disease on cells.  Cellular adaptations include: Atrophy: A decrease in cell size Hypertrophy: An increase in cell size Hyperplasia: An increase in cell number Dysplasia: Atypical hyperplasia Metaplasia: A cellular adaptation  Cells can adapt to physiologic demands or stress to achieve homeostasis. When cells are pushed beyond their adaption capacity, they can become injured.  Cellular injury can be caused by: Hypoxia:... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
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25 Questions

1. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy?
2. A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound would be documented as a(n):
3. A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause?
4. A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of:
5. When a nurse is checking a urinalysis, the finding that would alert the nurse to cellular injury is the presence of:
6. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
7. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
8. A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:
9. A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver reveals cell death secondary to:
10. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
11. An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls, functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing:
12. A 40-year-old female’s Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of change?
13. A 23-year-old male develops a black eye following a fight. When the aide asks the nurse why this occurred, the nurse’s best response is that the bruising is due to an accumulation of:
14. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of the liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo:
15. A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Which substance should the nurse monitor as it is accumulating in the patient’s body?
16. A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a jagged sharp-force injury that is longer than it is deep. Which type of wound will the nurse be caring for?
17. A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in the development of swelling?
18. A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
19. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
20. When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of:
21. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
22. After ingestion of lead, what organ systems should the nurse monitor because they are the most sensitive to the effects of lead?
23. A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
24. While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
25. A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?

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