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GRE Psychology: History
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Avg score: 80% • Most missed: “Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field”
GRE Psychology: History
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25 Questions

1. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory

2. Minds were active - not passive

3. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience

4. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars

5. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour

6. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory

7. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization

8. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt

9. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment

10. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot

11. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences

12. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved

13. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force

14. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement

15. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem

16. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)

17. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference

18. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)

19. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle

20. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic

21. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning

22. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul

23. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener

24. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)

25. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour

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