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GRE Psychology: Language
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Avg score: 60% Most missed: “Tone inflections - accents - and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meani…”
GRE Psychology: Language
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16 Questions

1. (Researcher) Charles Osgood - Allow people to plot meanings of words on graphs - people with similar backgrounds and interests plotted words similarly - indicating words have similar connotations for cultures/subcultures

2. Chomsky - Human have innate ability to learn language (to adopt generative grammar rules of the language they hear); - children made small errors based on grammar rules rather than large structural errors; - seems they only need exposure to a langua

3. Psycholinguistics; transformational grammar; language acquisition device (LAD)

4. Chomsky - differentiates between surface structure (way words are organized; 3 different sentences) and deep structure (what it means; could mean the same thing) - Surface structure: the way that words are organized - Deep structure: underlying meani

5. Language development begins with onset of active speech rather than during the first year of only listening

6. Arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language

7. Made of phonemes - smallest units of meaning in language - words or parts of words (e.g. boy - -ing)

8. Discrete sounds that make up words but have no meaning (e.g. ee - p - sh); phonics is learning to read by sounding out phonemes

9. Processed in same brain regions as producing and understanding speech - but slight differences suggested by alexia and agraphia while having no speech problems - In other word - people who are unable to read (alexia) or write (agraphia) have no probl

10. Russian psychologists - - development of word meanings are complex and altered by interpersonal experience (communicating with significant people in their lives to learn cultural habits); - also - language is a tool in developing abstract thinking (n

11. 1 year speaks first word(s) - 2 years > 50 spoken words - usually 2 then 3-word phrases - 3 years 1000-word vocabulary but has grammatical errors 4 years grammar errors are random exceptions

12. Overall rules of relationship between morphemes and syntax for a certain language

13. Tone inflections - accents - and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning

14. These children learn language slower

15. Semantics (word meanings) - semantic differential charts

16. Gender that learns faster and more accurately in language