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GRE Psychology: Memory
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GRE Psychology: Memory
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25 Questions

1. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word

2. Primary and recency effects

3. Grouping items can increase STM capacity

4. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test

5. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)

6. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments

7. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay

8. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree

9. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall

10. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made

11. Sensory - short term - long term

12. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time

13. Sensory memory for auditory sensations

14. Knowing how to do something

15. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory

16. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies

17. Details - events - discrete knowledge

18. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test

19. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings

20. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol

21. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment

22. Dual code hypothesis

23. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.

24. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning

25. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down

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