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C. 1450 to C. 1750: Global Interactions

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C. 1450 to C. 1750: Global Interactions

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1. The Catholic counter-reformation during the sixteenth century was effective in reestablishing control over many regions and peoples that had embraced Protestant beliefs. All of the following were largely Catholic by 1600 C.E. EXCEPT

FranceScotlandSpainItaly

2. Commercial and cultural interaction between Japan and the West was instigated in

the thirteenth century by Italian explorer Marco Polothe sixteenth century by Jesuit missionaries from Portugalthe nineteenth century by American sailors headed west from Californiathe fifteenth century by Spanish explorers dispatched by Ferdinand and Isabella

3. The Netherlands fostered commercial relationships or established colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT

North AmericaJapanWestern AfricaSouthern Africa

4. Which of the following is an accurate list of the Gunpowder Empires?

Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Tokugawa ShogunateSafavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey, Mughal IndiaOttoman Turkey, Mughal India, Tokugawa ShogunateMughal India, Tokugawa Shogunate, Seljuk Turks

5. After 1450, international trade was increasingly controlled by

JapanThe OttomansChinaThe West

6. Which of the following correctly matches the seventeenth-century Enlightenment philosopher with the literature he authored?

John Locke—Two Treatises on GovernmentDiderot—LeviathanVoltaire—The Social ContractJean-Jacques Rousseau—Book of the Courtier

7. This quotation from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 establishes

that peace will only be temporary while social problems in Bohemia and Germany are worked out with the help of the Churchthe right of leaders in the Holy Roman Empire to promote nobles within the Church without fear of papal recriminationthe right of German princes to control their lands and follow the Christian denomination of their choosingFrance’s right to German territories, as supported by the feudal structure of the Catholic Church

8. Which of the following was the most important new technology to contribute to the Protestant Reformation?

CementPaperThe spinning jennyThe printing press

9. Global circulation of what metal from the Americas spurred commercialization and the creation of a global economy?

SilverGoldCopperNickel

10. The greatest number of deaths during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Incan Empires can be attributed to

diseases such as smallpox which coincided with Spanish arrivalfirearms used by conquistadorshuman sacrifices performed to appease conquistadorsthe overwhelming numerical superiority of Spanish forces in battle

11. Introduction of new crops from the Americas to China in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries caused

widespread adoption of the European three-field systemthe Chinese to abandon traditional foodsa rapid increase in population due to better nutrition “According to this foundation of reciprocal Amity, and a general Amnesty, all and every one of the Electors of the sacred Roman Empire, the Princes and States (therein comprehending the Nobility, which depend immediately on the Empire) their Vassals, Subjects, Citizens, Inhabitants (to whom on the account of the Bohemian or German Troubles or Alliances, contracted here and there, might have been done by the one Party or the other, any Prejudice or Damage in any manner, or under what pretence soever, as well in their Lordships, their fiefs, Underfiefs, Allodations, as in their Dignitys, Immunitys, Rights and Privileges) shall be fully re-establish’d on the one side and the other, in the Ecclesiastick or Laick State, which they enjoy’d, or could lawfully enjoy, notwithstanding any Alterations, which have been made in the mean time to the contrary.”large-scale immigration from regions where food sources were less available

12. What European nation established the largest land-based empire by the mid-eighteenth century?

RussiaFranceIndiaGreat Britain

13. Martin Luther’s list of 95 Theses was largely written for which of the following reasons?

Luther aimed to consolidate the power of religion and state into a single Saxon state.Luther attempted to undermine the power of the Roman Catholic church and that of the pope.Luther protested the use of Catholic indulgences as a means of controlling salvation and availability of the word of God to non–Latin speaking peoples.Luther sought to organize the Germanic states into one unified political state.

14. Which of the following was NOT an example of major developments in transportation and communication during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

TelegraphsCanalsTollwaysSteamships

15. In The Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued all of the following EXCEPT

living according to religious principles is the essence of freedomall men are inherently equalin a rational society, individuals subject themselves to the rule of lawlegislative power belongs to the people

16. Which of the following concerning the relationship between Asian civilizations and the rise of the world commercial trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is NOT accurate?

Japan’s initial interest in Western advances in gunnery and shipping mostly ceased after the successful creation of a local gun-making industry.Chinese exports were in such high demand, more American silver could be found in China than any other country.China was able, in large part due to its strong navy, to prevent the creation of European ports.Asian civilizations had enough political and economic strength to avoid dependence on European trade.

17. Which of the following correctly pairs the first successful French settlement in the Americas with the explorer who settled it?

Saint-Domingue, Henri de FeynesQuebec City, Samuel de ChamplainNova Gallia, Giovanni da VeranzanoCharlesfort on Parris Island, Jacques Cartier

18. Which of the following is true about the effects of the rise of global trade on the world’s civilizations between 1450 and 1750?

Populations and demographics throughout the world were significantly changed.Access to new crops created population growth.All of the above are true.New philosophies painted Europeans as the world’s protectors and superior civilization.

19. English maritime exploration was largely privately financed at first because

explorers sought to make claims for themselves without informing the Crownthe English monarchy did not want to appear to be in conflict with the Frenchthe Church of England would not permit the monarchy to undertake explorationthe monarchy lacked comparable resources to Spain’s or Portugal’s

20. The inauguration of Constantine XI in 1449 marked the last

reign of a Byzantine emperorperiod of Ottoman control over ConstantinopleMongol invader to rule Byzantiumpagan regime in the Roman empire

21. Which of the following became staple crops in parts of Africa and Asia due to the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

Sugar and tobaccoOkra and riceMint and bananasMaize and manioc

22. All of the following were characteristic of European colonization in both Africa and the Americas EXCEPT

these communities lacked centralized power, and so could not fend off European aggressionEuropeans were responsible for the deaths of great numbers of people from both these civilizationsthese communities lacked military sophistication, and so could not fend off European aggressionEuropean desire for resources on these continents drove them to take over each civilization quickly “You know well or ought to know, that whereas we have been informed that in these our kingdoms there were some wicked Christians who Judaized and apostatized from our holy Catholic faith … we ordered the separation of the said Jews in all the cities, towns and villages of our kingdoms and lordships and [commanded] that they be given Jewish quarters and separated places where they should live, hoping that by their separation the situation would remedy itself.”

23. What were the major trading products produced by fifteenth-century China?

Porcelain, silk, and teaTea, paper, and porcelainPaper, porcelain, and silkTea, porcelain, and silk

24. What aspect of the 1688 Glorious Revolution in England was unique?

At the end, universal male suffrage was ensured by the signing of the Bill of Rights.It began as a popular uprising among the peasant and farmer class.It involved very little violence.It reinstated an oppressive regime, turning the clock back on reforms.

25. England’s Interregnum ended when

the House of Tudor defeated the House of York, with Henry VII ascending to the thronea mostly bloodless revolution resulted in William and Mary’s installation as joint monarchsCharles II was restored to the throne after living in exile France and the NetherlandsOliver Cromwell executed Charles I and declared himself Lord Protector of the realm

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