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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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25 Questions

1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic

2. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small

3. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning

4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial

5. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period

6. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue

7. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment

8. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light

9. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn

10. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids

11. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid

12. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment

13. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes

14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish

15. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears

16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat

17. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural

18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)

19. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season

20. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds

21. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species

22. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)

23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons

24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes

25. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa