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Logic 101 Practice Test: Informal Fallacies
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An informal fallacy is a defect in the content of an argument, rather than the form. To identify an informal fallacy, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the content.  Here are some examples of informal fallacies: False dilemma: A false dilemma is when something is falsely claimed to be an "either/or" situation, when in fact there is at least one additional option. Slippery slope: The slippery slope fallacy suggests that an action will trigger a chain of events and culminate in a subsequent unwanted event. Appeal to ignorance: An appeal to ignorance is when an argument is taken as... Show more
Logic 101 Practice Test: Informal Fallacies
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25 Questions

1. Every tile on this kitchen floor is light blue in color. Therefore, the entire floor is light blue in color.
2. Witness Clark testified that he saw the defendant emerge from the burgled house with an expensive camera. But, members of the jury, you should reject this testimony because Clark suffers from brain damage, and he has trouble remembering things accurately.
3. This pamphlet from the hospital says I should eat right before surgery. Apparently I should go into the operating room with a full stomach.
4. You have heard Congressman Doyle's arguments in favor of reduced military expenditures. But surely you won't take them seriously. Doyle, as you know, is an admitted alcoholic, and rumor has it that he abuses his wife and children.
5. No fish are mammals. Therefore, no mammals are fish.
6. Nobody has ever proved that the ready availability of guns causes an increase in the number of murders and robberies. Hence, we conclude that the availability of guns has no effect on the frequency of these crimes.
7. Valerie Norton's new novel is a real thriller. Therefore, every single chapter must be thrilling.
8. Floyd Conway has given us his reasons for unrestricted logging in our national forests. But it's obvious why he says these things. Floyd is a lumberjack, and he just wants to ensure that he'll have a job in the years ahead.
9. Dr. David Sherman of the National Skin Cancer Society reports that tanning salons pose a serious risk for skin cancer. Therefore, we should consider legislation to regulate the tanning industry.
10. Mr. Quigley, who is a lobbyist for the oil industry, says that the government should subsidize oil exploration. In view of Mr. Quigley's credentials, it follows that the government should certainly do this.
11. All political operatives are disingenuous characters and all clever manipulators are disingenuous characters. Thus, all political operatives are clever manipulators.
12. Professor Carson argues in favor of banning skateboards on campus. Apparently Carson is against anything that has wheels. No bicycles, no roller blades, not even any wheelchairs. But handicapped students need their wheelchairs to get around. From this it should be clear that Professor Carson's argument makes no sense.
13. Jessica has played 8 games of Bingo without winning a single game. Therefore, her chances are much better for winning the next game.
14. Umbrella repair has been a dependable job for most of the past 500 years. Therefore, it should be a dependable job for the next 500 years.
15. Jim, it's clear that you want that job with the Acme accounting agency. Therefore, to improve your chances, you should tell the interviewer that if he doesn't give you the job you will kidnap one of his children.
16. Mr. President, I would advise you to go along with our plan to use Pakistan as a base of operations for invading Iran. After all, I'm sure you don't want your country bombed back to the stone age.
17. Richard has been doing very poorly in biology this term. Therefore, he should schedule an appointment with the professor so he can criticize and berate her teaching ability.
18. This unopened can of iced tea contains lemon juice. Therefore, every single spoonful of it contains lemon juice.
19. The Bible is unquestionably true because deep in my heart I feel that it is.
20. Nobody has ever seen Tyler play football, baseball, or go skiing or swimming, or engage in any other sport. Probably Tyler doesn't engage in sports.
21. If media pundits accept bribes, then all credibility will vanish. If media pundits accept bribes, then national cynicism will grow. Thus, if all credibility vanishes, then national cynicism will grow.
22. Shortly after retiring from his job, Mr. Lopez had a heart attack and died. The same thing happened to Mrs. Harris. I think the message is clear: Whatever you do, never retire from your job.
23. Standard & Poors, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs, AIG, Merrill Lynch, Bank of Americaall of these companies continue to pay their top executives huge bonuses. It must be the case that every American company pays its top executives huge bonuses.
24. Each word in Lincoln's 'Gettysburg Address' is very ordinary. Therefore, the 'Gettysburg Address' must be a very ordinary speech.
25. Whoever is vain is hard of heart because if they weren't hard of heart they wouldn't be vain.

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