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Microbiology and Immunology Practice Test Questions

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Microbiology and Immunology Practice Test Questions

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1. Ribavirin

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Syphilis (T. Pallidum) -yaws (T. Pertenue

2. What Are The Effects Of The Exotoxin Secreted By Clostridium Perfringens?

Syphilis (T. Pallidum) -yaws (T. PertenueAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

3. Causes Of Bacterial Meningitis In: People 6 Years To 60 Years Old

4. What Diseases (2) Are Caused By Treponema?

Syphilis (T. Pallidum) -yaws (T. Pertenue1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar

5. Confined To A Specific Area Of The Body. Ex: Boils, Bladder Infections

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarLocal InfectionO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

6. Arthopods

VectorsAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. 1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. Hsv

7. Medical Importance Of Echovirus

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Aseptic Meningitis

8. Name 2 Alpha-hemolytic Bacteria.

Strep. Pneumoniae - Viridans StreptococciO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. Hsv

9. Viridans Streptococcus:

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agarâ€¢ Name-derivation: Viridans = Green, As It Appears In Culture. - â€¢ Manifestations: Important Opportunistic Organism In Periodontal Disease. - O Bacteremia Will Lead To Endocarditis, Especially If Heart Valves Were Already Damaged. - â€¢ Processing: - O Culture: Alpha-hemolysis, Appearing Green. - â€¢ Identification: - O Optochin-resistant: Compare To Strep. Pneumoniae. - â€¢ Treatment: Penicillin-resistant. Combination Therapy (Aminoglycoside) Required.

10. Complications Of Acute Respiratory Failure

11. Failure Of Tap1 To Transport Peptides To Endoplasmic Reticulum

12. Can Be Single Or Multi-celled Microorganisms. Is Eukaryotic. Widely Distributed In Water & Soil As Decomposers Of Dead Organisms. Many Of These Are Important In Medicine.

13. What Is The Vector For T. Gambiense And Rhodesiense?

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvTstese FlyAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

14. Describe Legionnaires' Disease

Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarVery High Fever With Severe Pneumonia1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

15. Physiological Changes From Resp Acidosis

16. What Is The Difference Between Acute And Accelerated Rejections? Define Accomodation?

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarAcute And Accelerated Rejections Are The Same End Result And Pathway, They Timing Is Different. Acute Takes Longer Because A Response Has To Build From The Beginning. In Accelerated Response The Memory Cells Are Already Present And The Rejection Is Sooner. Accomodation Usually Refers To Acceptance Of The Graft. Interupting The C' Cascade Can Prevent Lysis Of Cell, But Not Complement Activation.O Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

17. Freeze-drying

LysophilizationAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

18. These Areas Are Isolated From The Adaptive Immune System:

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Uterus (When Pregnant), Anterior Chamber Of The Eye And The Testes

19. Borrelia Burgdorferi

Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvSpirochete - â€¢ Name-derivation: Lyme = Town In Ct; Burgdorf = Researcher - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: Zoonotic - O Vector = Deer Tick Bin Nymph (Agressive) Stage. - O Host = Deer - O Prevelant In Summer, Outdoors. - â€¢ Manifestations: Lyme Disease. Incubation Of 3-30 Days. - O Early: Skin Lesions; Erythema Chronicun Migrans. Rash, Necrotic In Center, And Grows. Then It Clears. Most - Common Manifestations. - O Later: Appear To Be Immunological Sequelae. - Neurological: Next Most Common Manifestations In U.S. - Headache, Encephalitis, Bell's Palsy. - Cardiac: Common Manifestations In Europe. - Av-block, Myocarditis - Rheumatoid: Non-erosive Migratory Arthritis (Non-supparative) - O Systemic Spirochetemia Symptoms Can Also Be Found: Malaise, Fatigue, Fever, Etc. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: Blood - O Stain: Giemsa Or Wright Stain. - Darkfield: - Motility Slower Than B. Recurrentis - 7-11 Flagella At Each Pole -- Not Axial Filaments. - O Culture: Enriched Selected Kelly's Medium. Enriched With Fatty Acids, But It's Still Difficult To Grow. - 7 Days - â€¢ Identification: - O Microaerophilic - â€¢ Virulence: - O Outer Membrane Proteins A & B: Polyclonal Mitogenic Antigens Of B-cells. - Antigenic Shift Seen In Vivo. - Polyclonal B-cell Activation Is Probably Responsible For The Immunological Sequelae. - â€¢ Host Immune Response: - O Lots Of Antibodies - O Very Few Pmn's, Because The Bugs Are So Long That You Cannot Suck Them Up. - O Bugs Are Presumably Killed By Antibody + Complement. - â€¢ Treatment: PenicillinO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

20. Examples Of Other Types Of Cells:

21. What Type Of Reaction Is Serum Sickness? How Does It Work? What Is A Great Diagnostic Feature" To Look For When Diagnosing This?"

1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarSerum Sickness Usually Seen As A Result Of Giving Horse Immunoglobulins (Foreign Epitopes) Or Drugs In The Blood That Bind And Form Complexes Which Cause Problems. Example) Antitoxins Given For Snake Bites. This Would Make This A Type Iii Hs. There Should Be No Complement Because It Is Used Up.

22. Common Initial Ventilator Setting For Head Injury

Same As Normal, But May Adjust After 24 Hours For Increased Icp, Hyperventilation To Target Co2 Of 25-30 To Reduce Icp (Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood Agar1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously.

23. How Does Elispot Assay Differ From Hemolytic Plaque-forming Assay? What Would It Be Good For?

O Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. 1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvAlpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarHemolytic-plaque Forming Assay: Isolation Of B-cells From A Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Are Plated With Rbc's With (Antigen Of Interest Bound). If The Patient Has Antibodies For The Antigen Of Interest, They Will Bind To The Rbc's. Complement Is Added And If The B-cell Was Secreting Igm It Will Lyse Cell. You Can Then Add Anti-igg Which Will Bind And Cause Lysis Of More Cells. These Will Be The Igg Secreting Cells, And The First Ones Visualized Will Be Igm. This Differs From Elispot In Instead Of Looking For Plaques On A Plate, You Use Enzymes Bound To Anti-ig To Floresence. You Can Also Look For T-cell's With Elispot By Antibodies For Cytokines. This Allows You To Quantatively Count The Number Of B And T Cells Present In A Tissue.

24. Define Complementation?

25. Neisseria Gonorrhea (Gonococcus)

Alpha Toxin Is A Lecithinase- Causes Gas Gangrene- Get A Double Zone Of Hemolysis On Blood AgarO Action: Inhibits Viral Transcription, By Binding To And Inhibiting Enzymes Involved In Nucleic Acid Metabolism. - Specifically Inhibits Inosine Monodehydrogenase, Involved In The Synthesis Of Gtp. - O Side-effects: It Is Toxic In That It Does Not Discriminate Well Between Host Cell And Virus. Toxic To Liver Cells - And Can Cause Anemia. - O Viruses: Rsv In Infants, And Lassa Fever Intravenously. 1. Neisseria Meningitidis - 2. Enteroviruses - 3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae - 4. HsvGram-negative Reniform Diplococci - â€¢ Name-derivation: - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Sexual Contact - O Fomite (Inanimate Object) May Be Means Of Transmission In Prepubescent Female, But It Is Highly Unlikely. We Must - Investigate For Sexual Abuse. - â€¢ Manifestations: - O Gonorrhea - Male: Painful Urethritis. Purulent Discharge And Dysuria. - Female: Vaginitis; 80% Are Asymptomatic. - Uti Symptoms - Vaginal Discharge - Vaginitis Progresses To Pid, Leading To Sterility - Common To Have Coinfection With Chlamydia (One Predisposes To The Other). - Anorectal: From Anal Sex; Rectal Discharge And Bleeding; Usually Asymptomatic. - Pharyngitis: From Oral Sex; Usually Asymptomatic. - O Bacteremia: Can Result From Failed, Incomplete, Or Inadequate Treatment. - Fever, Rash, Skin Lesions. Rash Has No Bugs In It. - Septic Arthritis: The Leading Cause Of Arthritis In People 20-30 Years Of Age! - O Neonatal Conjunctivitis: Rapidly Invasive. Destroys Cornea And Leads To Blindness. - By Law, Nano3 Or Tetracycline Eyedrops Are Given Prophylactically To Neonates At Birth. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: Urethral Exudate Preferred, Or Swab. - O Stain: Only Useful On Urerthral Exudate. Sensitive For Males But Not Females. - Stain Will Show Lots Of Variants, But They're From The Same Isolate. Variation Reflects Presence Or Absence Of - Pili. - O Culture: - Thayer-martin Medium Is Chocolate Agar, With Iron And Antibiotics Added To Supress Gram (-)'s, Gram - (+)'s, And Candida. It Is Usually Inoculated At The Bedside, Because The Bugs Die Very Easily. - Vancomycin Gets Rid Of Gram (+) - Colistin Gets Rid Of Other Gram (-)'s - Nystatin Gets Rid Of Candida. - Then Subculture To Chocolate Agar To Speciate (Glucose And Maltose Fermentation) - â€¢ Identification: - O Neisseria: Catalase(+), Oxidase(+) Is Key Factor. - O Glucose-fermenting - O Non-maltose Fermenting (Differ From N. Meningiditis). - â€¢ Virulence: - O Cell-surface: - Pili - Porin Protein: - Protein I (Pi): Complexes With Piii To Form The Porin Protein. - Structure: - Antigenically Diverse: N And C Termini Are Within Membrane, And Central Loop - Sticks Out Which Is Highly Antigenically Diverse. - High Molecular Weight: Associated With Disseminated Disease And Increased - Serum Resistance. - Low Molecular Weight: Associated With Localized (Ug) Disease And Decreased - Serum Resistance. - Action: It Triggers Phagocytosis. - Protein Iii (Piii): Complexes With Pi To Form The Porin Protein. - Binds Igg And Blocks Killing Mediated By Igg (Serum Resistance). - Protein Ii (Pii): Adhesin; Causes Autoagglutination And Adherence To Epithelium. - H8: Immunogenic Antigen. Antibody And Complement Will Bind To This And Lyse The Bug. - Penicillin-binding Protein (Pbp): - Peptidoglycan: - Lipooligosaccharide (Los): Not Endotoxin. It Damages Fallopian Tube Mucosa And Is Ciliostatic. - O Enzymes: - Iga Protease: Degrades Iga Antibodies; Two Types - Beta-lactamase - Intracellular Survival: Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Peroxidase - â€¢ Host Immune Response: Antibodies Are Effective, But Not Protective Because Of Antigenic Diversity. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: Tetracycline Or Nano3 Eyedrops Given To Babies Prophylactically. - â€¢ Treatment: Completely Penicillin-resistant, Due To Both Beta-lactamase And Altered Pbp's.

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❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

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