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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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Environmental emergencies can include a variety of patient presentations, such as heat and cold exposure, toxic envenomation, exposure to allergens, and noxious plants.  Here are some symptoms of environmental emergencies: Hyperthermia: Elevated core temperature, muscle cramps, altered mental status, weakness, headache, nausea or vomiting, rapid, strong pulse at first, which deteriorates into thready pulse, deep, rapid breathing at first, which deteriorates into shallow and weak breathing, skin that is cool and moist during early stages, skin that is hot at late stages,... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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25 Questions

1. You have been called to a hunting camp for a patient with a severe freezing cold injury to his hand and fingers. The patient is suffering no life-threatening conditions and you elect to rewarm the affected areas. Which of these warming techniques would be most appropriate for this patient?
2. You are giving a talk on hunting safety. A hunter asks you when someone should attempt to rewarm a hand or foot that is frostbitten. What is your best response?
3. You have been called by a family for their mother, who is 'not acting right.' On scene, you find the 69-year-old woman to be confused and seemingly slow in talking. Her airway is open and respirations are 12 breaths/min. Her pulse is 58 beats/min, and her skin is cool to the touch, despite the thermostat keeping the house at normal room temperature. The family states that she has been this way for about three days, but before then seemed to be doing well. Your partner obtains a blood pressure reading of 104/52 mmHg. When getting a medical history, which of these statements made by the family would make sense, given the presentation of the patient?
4. A patient has been bitten by an unidentified snake. Which of these statements made by the patient would lead the EMT to believe that the snake was poisonous?
5. Which of these findings would present earliest in a patient with hypothermia?
6. What of these patients is most accurately described as suffering an environmental emergency?
7. You are providing a 'stand-by' service at the county fair. At midmorning, a 50-year-old male patient approaches your tent and states that he was bitten in the right shoulder by some sort of insect and has tremendous pain. Assessment reveals his shoulder to have a large reddened area with a sting mark in the middle. The skin is warm to the touch. Your care of this patient should include:
8. As an EMT working at a mountain resort, you are presented with a 50-year-old female who states that she does not feel well. From your assessment, which of these findings would seemingly indicate that the patient is being adversely affected by the high altitude?
9. In which of these settings will sweating be less effective as a means to cool the body?
10. You have been called for an alert and oriented male patient. Upon your arrival, his roommate states that the patient spent several hours locked out of his house in the cold temperatures after an evening of drinking since no one was home and the patient lost his house keys. Since the primary and secondary assessments have ruled out immediate life-threatening conditions, you have decided to rewarm the patient. Which of these warming techniques would be most appropriate for this patient?
11. A patient who is conscious and breathing has been pulled from a stream of cold water. To decrease her loss of heat via the mechanism of conduction, the EMT should immediately:
12. A patient has been struck by lightning at a picnic. A doctor on scene states that the patient was in cardiac arrest after the strike, but with 1 minute of CPR, has a heartbeat and weak sonorous respirations. The patient remains unresponsive. Which priority care should the EMT provide?
13. Following a direct lightning strike, which symptoms should the EMT expect the patient to display?
14. An Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) quickly checks the breathing and pulse of a patient with Alzheimer's disease who has been sleeping outside in the cold for several hours. The EMR informs you that the patient grimaces to painful stimuli but is not breathing and does not have a pulse. What is your best response?
15. You are transporting a patient who was bitten on her hand by a spider approximately 20 minutes ago. On scene, the primary assessment revealed no life threats and vital signs were stable. While conducting the reassessment, which of these findings would be of most concern to the EMT?
16. Which of these statements made by your EMT partner would require immediate correction when treating a patient with hypothermia and a deep freezing cold injury to his left foot, ankle, and lower leg?
17. During an in-service program, your medical director asks if anyone can tell her the cause of heat cramps. What response would be most appropriate?
18. The EMT shows that he understands the danger of heat stroke when he states:
19. You have been called to a residence for a spider bite. On scene, the homeowner states that he was moving some boxes in his garage when he accidentally grabbed a spider and it bit him. He killed the spider and shows you a brown-colored spider with a 'violin shape' on its back. He then states that the bite does not hurt and he sees no need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should state:
20. A person is in a hot environment and his body is successfully compensating to off-load excess heat. Which assessment findings best illustrate this process?
21. You are first to arrive at the side of a pond where a boy playing hockey has fallen through the ice. The child is holding onto the ice at the edge of the break and has a distressed look on his face. Your immediate action would be to:
22. A young male patient who was angry with friends wandered away from a party and spent the night outside uncovered in 40-50°F temperatures. He is confused, has decreased but adequate breathing, and has a weak radial pulse. His skin is cool and capillary refill delayed. You note that he is not shivering. Based on this presentation, what can you safely conclude?
23. A 24-year-old female who was hiking in shorts informs you that she has been bitten by an insect on her leg. She states no other complaints. Assessment reveals a tick embedded in her leg. As an EMT, you should provide care to this patient by:
24. The EMT is correctly assessing the skin temperature of a patient who has been exposed to cold temperatures for an extended period of time when he:
25. When providing needed oxygen to a patient with a core temperature of 95°F and adequate breathing, which strategy is the best option?

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