News Literacy Review Notes 2

Media
Journalistic media include: print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels

News Literacy
The ability to judge the credibility and reliability of news reports-and why that matters to them.

Reputation of News Agency
usually taken into consideration when deciding if something is credible

Credible
Able to be believed, trustworthy

Verify/Verification
Confirming information

Journalism (What is is & purpose)
The activity or profession of writing for newspapers, magazines, or news websites

SPJ Code of Ethics
A statement of abiding principles supported by explanations & position papers that address changing journalistic practices

Principles of SPJ Code of Ethics
1. Seek truth & report it
2. Minimize Harm
3. Be accountable & Transparent
4. Act independently

Journalist
a person who writes for newspapers, magazines, or news websites or prepares news to be broadcast

Pundit
an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called on to give opinions about it to the public

Editor
The one who is in charge of and determines the final content of a text (newspaper or magazine)

Editorial
relating to the commissioning or preparing of material for publication

Bias
Supporting one thing over something else

Social Bias
favoring/disfavoring groups of people based on factors like race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, appearance, etc

Political Bias
Supporting/opposing a political party or ideology

Cultural Bias
A preference or intolerance for something based on your society's cultural standards

Conflict of Interest
situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation or decision-making of that individual or organization.

Fact vs/and Truth
Facts are a constant whereas truth can be personal and different for everyone.

Opinion vs. Public Opinion
The opinion of the general public vs own opinion.

Satire
The use of humor, sarcasm, ridicule, etc to criticize or comment on current events, society for shared experiences

Concerns w/ "breaking news" (speed vs. accuracy)
Is it credible?? Questionable sources of info

Misleading Content
content that is factually accurate but leads the reader to believe something other than the truth

Imposter Content
Genuine sources are impersonated

Fabricated Content
Made up news; fake news

False Connection
"Connecting" with people through social media and thinking it's real

False Context
Using a quote out of context

Manipulated Context
Changing the context around a quote

Misinformation
False or inaccurate information

False Claim
A statement that something is true when it isn't

Oversimplify
simplify (something) so much that a distorted impression of it is given

Cherry-pick
selectively choose (the most beneficial items) from what is available

Hyperbole
exaggerated statements or claims

Hoaxes
a humorous or malicious deception

Skepticism
doubt as to the truth of something

Independence
Working independent from organizations that may offer monetary benefits

Accountable/ accountability
Reporting what you know & acknowledging what you don't + reasoning why

Documentation
Material that provides official information or evidence or that serves as a record

Transparency
The concept of determining how & why info. Implies openness & accountability

Geolocation
The technique of identifying the geographical location of a person/device by means of digital information processed via Internet

Vetting
make a careful and critical examination of (something)

Word Choice
Individual words used to give an extra layer of meaning

Context
The environment/situation/event surrounding something

Framing
A story's structure & focus

Entertainment News
News with a purpose of entertaining

Expert Source
Someone who is an expert on the subject you are persuing

Official Source
A source that has been authorized by an official body, such as a court or a legislature.

"On Record"
When interviewing someone, they are __________ if you are recording everything they say and are not anonymous.

Citizen Journalism
the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet.

Anonymous Source
Someone the journalist knows, but their identity is withheld from public

Media Conglomerate
A company that owns various different companies in various mass media.

Consolidation
the action or process of combining a number of things into a single more effective or coherent whole

Media Concentration
process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.

Confirmation Bias
tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Virality "going viral"
Becoming really popular really quickly, everyone watching/reading/seeing it.

Byline
a line in a newspaper naming the writer of an article

Clickbait
A caption that has been hyperbolized to intrigue audiences and get them to click on the article.

Objective
Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

Legitimate
Able to be defended with logic or justification

Advertising
Trying to sell a product through advertisements.

Triangulation
use of different research methods in research to gather & compare data

Satire sites
the onion, clickhole, daily mash, poke, the duffel blog, ect.

fact-checking sites
snopes, factcheck.org, washington post fact checker, politifact, etc.

fact-checking sites code of ethics
1. A commitment to nonpartisanship and fairness.
2. a commitment to transparency of sources.
3. a commitment to transparency of funding and organization
4. a commitment to transparency of methodology
5. a commitment to open and honest corrections

monetize
convert into or express in the form of currency

political cartoons
a drawing containing a commentary expressing the artist's opinion--usually satirical

corrections
journalists going back and editing their work once new info or corrections are found.