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NATIONAL AWARDS
BHARAT RATANA - Bharat Ratna is India's highest Civilian Award. It was first awarded in 1954. - The actual award is designed in the shape of a peepal leaf with Bharat Ratna inscribed in Devanagri script in the Sun Figure. - This is India's highest civilian award. It is given for exceptional work on art, literature, science and recognition of public service of the highest order. - The emblem, the Sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze. - Government servants are not eligible for it.
The table shows the recipients of the award:
Bharat Ratna Award Winners 1. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 1954 2. C. Rajagopalachari 1954 3. Dr. C.V. Raman 1954 4. Dr. Bhagwan Das 1955 5. Dr. M. Visvesvaraya 1955 6. Jawahar Lal Nehru 1955 7. Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 8. Dr. D.K. Karve 1958 9. Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy 1961 10. Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 11. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 12. Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 13. Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 14. Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 15. Indira Gandhi 1971 16. V.V. Giri 1975 17. K. Kamraj 1976 18. Mother Teresa 1980 19. Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1983 20. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 21. M.G. Ramachandran 1988 22. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 1990 23. Dr. Nelson R. Mandela 1990 24. Rajiv Gandhi 1991 25. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1991 26. Morarji R. Desai 1991 27. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1992 28. Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata 1992 29. Satyajit Roy 1992 30. Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda 1997 31. Mrs. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 32. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 1998 33. M.S. Subbalakshmi 1998 34. C. Subramaniam 1998 35. Jaya Prakash Narayan 1999 36. Prof. Amartya Sen 1999 37. Pt. Ravi Shankar 1999 38. Gopinath Bardoloi 1999 39. Lata Mangeshkar 2001 40. Bismillah Khan 2001 41. Bhimsen Joshi 2009 42. C.N.R. Rao 2014 43. Sachin Tendulkar 2014 44. Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya 2015 45. Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2015 46. Pranab Mukherjee 2019 47. Bhupen Hazarika 2019 48. Nanaji Deshmukh 2019
REPUBLIC DAY AWARDS
Padma Awards They fall in line after the Bharat Ratna. They are also discontinued in 1977 along with the Bharat Ratna and award was started again in 1980.
There are three Padma Awards: - Padma Vibhushan: This award is given for exceptional and distinguished service in any field, including service rendered by Govt. servants. - Padma Bhushan: This award is given for distinguished service of a high order in any field, including service rendered by Govt. servants. - Padma Shri: This award is given for distinguished service in any field, including service rendered by Government servants.
Gallantry Awards - Param Vir Chakra: The highest award for bravery or some daring and pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. - Mahavir Chakra: It is the second highest decoration and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. - Vir Chakra: It is the third in order of awards given for acts of gallantry in the presence of enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. - Ashok Chakra: This medal is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice on land, at sea or in the air but not in the presence of enemy. - Vishishta Sewa Medal: It is awarded to personnel of all the three Services in class I, II and III in recognition of distinguished service of the 'most exceptional' and 'exceptional' and a 'high' order respectively. Prefixes Parma and Ati are added before first two categories of medals respectively. - Jeewan Raksha Padak: Awarded for meritorious acts or a series of acts of a human nature displayed in saving life from drowning, fire and rescue operations in mines etc.
OTHER NATIONAL AWARDS
SAHITYA AKADEMI AWARDS - These prizes are awarded annually to the authors of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in each of the 24 languages recognised by the Akademi. - There are also two awards for Sanskrit and English. The award, in form of a casket containing an inscribed copper plate and a cheque of ' 1 lakh is given to the author or his/her heir.
DADA SAHEB PHALKE AWARD - The award carries a cash prize of ' 10 lakh, a Shawl and Swarna Kamal. - Mrs Devika Rani Roerich was the first person to receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1969.
GANDHI PEACE PRIZE - The government instituted this ' 1 crore prize on the lines of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995. - It is the highest Civilian International award by the Govt. of India.
MAN BOOKER INTERNATIONAL PRIZE 2021 - South African novelist and writer Damon Galgut was on November 3, 2021 awarded the prestigious Booker Prize for the year 2021 for his well-acclaimed novel 'The Promise', receiving £ 50,000. He is the third South African to win the prize, after J.M. Coetzee and Nadine Gordimer.
INDIRA GANDHI PRIZE FOR PEACE, DISARMAMENT AND DEVELOPMENT - The award was instituted in the memory of Mrs. Indira Gandhi to foster creative cooperation among nations of the world.
Highest Honours of Some Countries Country - Highest Honour
India Bharat Ratna Pakistan Nishan-e-Pakistan Kuwait Mubarak-Al-kabir Medal Saudi Arabia Shah Abdul Aziz Medal Argentina The Order of Sona Martin Nicaragua Augusto-Caesar Sandino Order Vietnam The Order of the Golden Star Hungary The Order of Banner Britain Member of British Empire, Victoria Cross Japan Order of Moulovenice Sun Denmark Order of Diana Brog France Legend of Honour America Presidential Medal of Freedom Germany Pore Lee Merit Iron Cross
The Netherlands Netherlands Lion - The award for 2019 has been given to bollywood actor Rajinikanth.
BHARATIYA JNANPITH AWARD - Instituted in 22nd May, 1961, carries a cash prize of ' 11 lakh, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi (Saraswati). - Instituted by a literary organisation in India.
SARASWATI SAMMAN - Given for outstanding literary works, value ' 15 lakh.
KALINGA PRIZE - This award is given each year by the UNESCO and founded by former Odisha Chief Minister late Shri Biju Patnaik for popularisation of science.
INTERNATIONAL AWARDS
NOBEL PRIZES - These Prizes were instituted in 1901 by a Swedish scientist, Dr. Alfred Nobel; the discoverer of Dynamite. - Six prizes are awarded annually for (i) Chemistry, (ii) Physics, (iii) Medicine, (iv) Literature, (v) Peace and (vi) Economics —started since 1969. - Indians Honoured with Nobel Prize: So far, following Indians have been honoured with these prizes. Their names are (i) Rabindra Nath Tagore for Literature, for his book 'Gitanjali', in 1913, (ii) Dr. C.V. Raman for Physics in 1930, for his discovery of 'Raman Effect', (iii) Mother Teresa for Peace in 1979, (iv) Prof. Amartya Sen in 1998 for Economics and (v) Kailash Satyarthi for Peace in 2014. In addition, four non-resident Indians have also been awarded the Nobel Prize. They are: (i) Hargobind Khurana for Medicine in 1968, (ii) Subram anian Chandrasekhar for Physics in 1983, (iii) Venkatraman Ramkrishnan for Chemistry in 2009, (iv) Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee for Economics in 2019.
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