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Study Guide: How to Solve: CUET English – Active-Passive Voice & Direct-Indirect Speech
Source: https://www.fatskills.com/cuet/chapter/how-to-solve-cuet-english-active-passive-voice-direct-indirect-speech

How to Solve: CUET English – Active-Passive Voice & Direct-Indirect Speech

By Fatskills Exam Guides Team — the exam nerds behind 28,500+ quizzes and 2.1M practice questions across 500+ global exams.

⏱️ ~5 min read

How to Solve: CUET English – Active-Passive Voice & Direct-Indirect Speech

Introduction

"Imagine losing 5 easy marks in CUET English just because you mixed up ‘she said’ with ‘it was said’—don’t let passive voice or reported speech trip you up!


What You Need To Know First

  1. Basic sentence structure (Subject-Verb-Object).
  2. Tenses (Present, Past, Future, Perfect).
  3. Pronouns (I/we → he/she/they, etc.).

Key Vocabulary

Term Plain-English Definition Quick Example
Active Voice Subject performs the action. She writes a letter.
Passive Voice Subject receives the action. A letter is written by her.
Direct Speech Exact words spoken (in quotes). He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect Speech Reported words (no quotes, tense changes). He said that he was tired.
Reporting Verb The verb introducing speech (said, told, asked). She told me…
Object Pronoun Pronoun receiving the action (me, him, them). The book was given to him.

Formulas To Know

1. Active → Passive Voice

Formula: Object of active sentence + helping verb (be form) + past participle (V3) + by + subject of active sentence (if needed).

Variables: - Helping verb (be form): Changes based on tense (e.g., is, was, will be). - Past participle (V3): Third form of the verb (written, eaten, given).

MEMORISE THIS: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in passive.


2. Direct → Indirect Speech

Formula: Reporting verb + conjunction (that/if/whether) + changed pronoun + changed tense + changed time/place words.

Variables: - Tense shift: Present → Past, Past → Past Perfect, etc. - Pronoun shift: I → he/she, we → they, my → his/her. - Time/place shift: today → that day, here → there, now → then.

MEMORISE THIS: Remove quotation marks, change tense one step back, and adjust pronouns/time words.


Step-by-Step Method

Part 1: Active → Passive Voice

Step 1: Identify the subject, verb, and object in the active sentence. Step 2: Move the object to the front (new subject). Step 3: Add the correct helping verb (be form) based on the tense. Step 4: Change the main verb to past participle (V3). Step 5: Add by + original subject (if needed).

Example: Active: The chef cooks the meal. 1. Subject: The chef | Verb: cooks | Object: the meal. 2. New subject: The meal. 3. Helping verb: is (present simple). 4. V3: cooked. 5. Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.


Part 2: Direct → Indirect Speech

Step 1: Identify the reporting verb (said, told, asked). Step 2: Remove quotation marks and add that/if/whether (for statements/questions). Step 3: Change pronouns (e.g., I → he/she, we → they). Step 4: Shift tenses one step back (e.g., am → was, will → would). Step 5: Change time/place words (today → that day, here → there).

Example: Direct: She said, “I will visit tomorrow.” 1. Reporting verb: said. 2. Remove quotes: She said that… 3. Pronoun: I → she. 4. Tense: will → would. 5. Time: tomorrow → the next day. Indirect: She said that she would visit the next day.


Worked Examples

Example 1 – Basic (Active → Passive)

Active: The teacher explains the lesson. 1. Subject: The teacher | Verb: explains | Object: the lesson. 2. New subject: The lesson. 3. Helping verb: is (present simple). 4. V3: explained. 5. Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

What we did and why: - Moved the object (lesson) to the front to make it the subject. - Used is (present tense) + explained (V3) to show the action is received.


Example 2 – Medium (Direct → Indirect with Question)

Direct: He asked, “Where do you live?” 1. Reporting verb: asked. 2. Remove quotes: He asked where… 3. Pronoun: you → I. 4. Tense: do live → lived (present → past). 5. Time/place: None to change. Indirect: He asked where I lived.

What we did and why: - Changed you to I because the speaker is now reporting. - Shifted do live to lived (tense backshift). - Kept where (no change for questions).


Example 3 – Exam Style (Mixed Trick)

Question: Change to passive: “The manager will announce the results soon.” 1. Subject: The manager | Verb: will announce | Object: the results. 2. New subject: The results. 3. Helping verb: will be (future simple). 4. V3: announced. 5. Passive: The results will be announced by the manager soon.

What we did and why: - Recognized will announce as future simple → will be announced. - Kept soon (no change in time words for passive).


Common Mistakes

Mistake Why it Happens Correct Approach
Forgetting by in passive Confusing subject/object roles. Always add by + original subject (if needed).
Wrong tense in passive Using present tense for past actions. Match the helping verb to the original tense.
Not changing pronouns in indirect speech Overlooking perspective shift. Change I/we/you based on the speaker.
Skipping tense backshift Assuming tenses stay the same. Shift tenses one step back (e.g., am → was).
Mixing direct speech punctuation Leaving quotes or commas in indirect. Remove all quotation marks and adjust punctuation.

Exam Traps

Trap How to Spot it How to Avoid it
Passive without by Sentence ends abruptly after V3. Check if the original subject is needed.
Tricky time words Words like yesterday/tomorrow in direct speech. Change to the day before/the next day.
Imperative sentences Commands (“Close the door.”) in direct speech. Use to + V1 or that + should in indirect.

1-Minute Recap

"Alright, last-minute cram for CUET English? Here’s the deal: 1. Passive Voice: Flip the sentence—object first, add is/was/will be + V3, then by + old subject. 2. Indirect Speech: Drop quotes, shift tenses back (am → was, will → would), change pronouns (I → he/she), and tweak time words (today → that day). 3. Watch out: Don’t forget by in passive, and always backshift tenses in indirect speech. 4. Practice: Do 5 of each type tonight—you’ll spot the pattern fast. Now go ace that exam!


Final Tip: Bookmark this guide, and re-read the "Common Mistakes" section the night before CUET! ?



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