By Fatskills Exam Guides Team — the exam nerds behind 28,500+ quizzes and 2.1M practice questions across 500+ global exams.
General Knowledge Notes:
First President of United States of America
George Washington
First President of the Republic of China
Dr Sun Yat Sen (1912)
First Prime Minister of Great Britain
Robert Walpole (1715)
Pakistan's first Governor-General
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
First Ethnic-Indian Prime Minister of Fiji
Mahendra Choudhary
First American President to visit India
Dwight David Eisenhower
First Russian (Soviet) Prime Minister to visit India
Nikolai Bulganin
First European invader of Indian soil
Alexander The Great
First man to go into space
Major Yuri Gagarin (USSR)
First man to walk in space
Alexey Leonov (Russia)
First space tourist
Dennis Tito (USA)
First man to set foot on the Moon
Neil Armstrong (USA)
First man to fly an aeroplane
Wright Brothers
First man to reach North pole
Robert Peary
First man to reach South pole
Roald Amundsen
First man to climb Mount Everest
Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary (29th May, 1953)
First man to climb Mount Everest twice
Nawang Gombu (1965)
First blind man to scale Mount Everest
Erik Weihenmayer (25th May, 2001)
First person to sail around the world
Ferdinand Magellan
First deaf and dumb to cross the Strait of Gibralter
Taranath Shenoy (India)
First European to visit China
Marco Polo
First man to draw the map of Earth
Anexemander
First man to compile encyclopaedia
Aspheosis (Athens)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Literature
Sully Prudhomme (France)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Peace
Henry Dunant (Switzerland) and Frederic Passy (France)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Physics
WK Roentgen (Germany)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Chemistry
Jacobus H Van't Hoft (Holland)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Medicine
AE Von Behring (Germany)
First man to win Nobel Prize for Economics
Ragnar Frisch (Norway) and Jan Tinbergen (Holland)
First and only black man ever to win singles Wimbledon Trophy
Arthur Ashe (USA)
First Asian to head the International Cricket Council
Jagmohan Dalmiya
First man to hit double century in One Day International Match
Sachin Tendulkar (India)
First in World (Female)
First woman President of UN General Assembly
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (1953)
First woman President of a country
Maria Estela Peron (Argentina)
First woman Prime Minister of a country
S Bhandarnayake (Sri Lanka)
First woman Prime Minister of England
Margaret Thatcher
First woman Prime Minister of any Muslim country
Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan)
First woman cosmonaut in space
Valentina Tereshkova (USSR)
First woman space tourist
Anousheh Ansari (Irani American)
First woman to reach the North pole
Frances Phipps
First woman to set foot on the North pole
Ann Bancroft, USA
First woman to reach Antarctica
Caroline Michaelson
First woman to climb Mount Everest
Junko Tabei (Japan)
First woman in the world to cross the Strait of Gibralter
Sophie Psilolignou (Greek)
First woman to chair US Central Bank 'Federal Reserve'
Janet Yellen
First UN Deputy Secretary-General
Louise Frechette (Canada)
First female Amputee to climb Mount Everest
Arunima Sinha
First in World (Miscellaneous)
First country to make a Constitution
United States of America
First country to appoint Lokpal
Sweden
First country to ban capital punishment
Venezuela
First country to give voting right to woman
First country to impose carbon tax
First country to start VAT (Value Added Tax)
Brazil and Germany
First country to issue plastic currency
First country to issue paper currency
First country to give constitutional status to animal rights
First country to implement family planning
India
First country to start Civil Services Competition
First country to make education compulsory
Prussia (Germany)
First country to print books
First country to sign nuclear agreement with India
First country to send human to Moon
First space ship landed on Mars
Viking-I 20th August, 1975
First space shuttle launched
Columbia
First country to launch satellite into space
Russia (former USSR)
First country to launch radio telescope satellite into space
First city to be attacked with Atom Bomb
Hiroshima (Japan)
First country to win the Football World Cup
Uruguay (1930)
First country to host the Modern Olympic Games
Greece
First lamb created using DNA from an adult sheep
Dolly
First heart bypass operation by a Robot, carried out in
First cloned human baby
Eve
First religion of the world
Sanatan Dharma
First university of the world
Taxila University
Continent
Smallest—Australia Largest—Asia
Largest (in area)—Russia Largest (in population)—China
Mountain Range
Longest—Andes (South America) Highest—Himalayas
Mountain Peak
Highest—Mount Everest (Nepal) (8848 m)
Largest Hot Desert—Sahara, Africa Largest Cold Desert—Gobi (Mongolia)
Longest—Nile (6690 km) Busiest—Rhine (Germany) Largest—Amazon (South America)
Basin
Largest—Amazon
Gorge
Largest—Grand Canyon, on the Colorado river, USA
Highest—Salto Angel Falls (Venezuela)
Delta
Largest—Sundarbans, India
Gulf
Longest—Gulf of Mexico
Island
Largest—Greenland (renamed Kalaallit Nunaat)
Bay
Largest—Hudson Bay, Canada
Peninsula
Largest—Arabia
Volcano
Largest—Mauna Loa (Hawaii Islands), Highest-ojos del Salado, Andes, Argentine-Chile (6885 m)
Sea (Inland)
Largest—Mediterranean
Deepest and Biggest—The Pacific
Lake
Deepest—Baikal (Siberia) Highest—Titicaca (Bolivia) Largest (Fresh Water)—Lake Superior, USA Largest (Artificial)—Lake Kariba (between Zabia and Zimbabwe)
World's Rainiest Spot
Mawsynram (Meghalaya)
Sea Port
Largest— Shanghai (China)
Airport
Largest—King Fahd International Airport, Saudi Arabia (by area) Highest—Daocheng Yading Airport, Garzi, Tibet (China)
Airliner
Largest— Airbus A380
Dam
Tallest—Jinping-I Dam (China) Longest—Hirakud Dam (Odisha), India Biggest (Water storage capacity)— Kariba Dam, Zimbabwe Largest (Concrete)—Grand Coulee Dam (USA)
Coral formation
Largest—The Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Cruise ships
Largest—Royal Caribbean
Canal
Longest—Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
Animal
Most Intelligent—Chimpanzee Fastest—Cheetah
Acrhipelago
Largest (area)—Malay Archipelago Largest (number)—Norway Archipelago
Asteroid Impact Zone
Largest—Australia
Nation with boundary
Largest—Canada
Plateau
largest—Pamir Plateau (Asia)
Road
Highest—Leh-Manali Road (India, NH1-A)
Country Sharing border with others
Maximum—China (14)
Country with population Density
Highest—Macau
Bird
Largest—Ostrich Largest (Sea)—Albatross Fastest—Needle-tailed swift Smallest—Humming bird
Mammal
Largest—Blue whale Smallest—Bumblebee bat
Park
Largest—National Park, Greenland
Railway
Longest—Trans-Siberian Railway
Railway Platform
Longest—Gorakhpur, India Largest—Grand Central Terminal, New York (USA)
Tunnel
Longest and Largest (Canal)—Le Rove Tunnel (South of France) Longest (Railway)—Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)
Bridge
Longest—Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge (Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway)
Building
Tallest—Burj Khalifa, Dubai (828 m)
Minar (Free standing)
Tallest—Great Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco
Statue
Tallest—Statue of unity (Gujarat, India) is the tallest statue of the world
Tower
Tallest—Tokyo Sky Free, Tokyo (Japan)
Mosque
Largest—Masjid at Haram (Mecca)
Temple
Largest—Angkor Vat (Combodia)
Church
Largest—Basilica of St Peter, Vatican City, Rome (Italy)
Museum
Biggest—Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Place
Coldest—Verkhoyansk (Siberia), Temperature —85°C Hottest—Al-Aziziyah (Libya, Africa), 136°F Driest—Atacama Desert, Chile (South America)
Stadium
Largest—Strahov Stadium in Prague (the Czech Republic)
Wall
Longest—Great Wall of China
Capital City
Highest—La Paz (Bolivia)
City
Highest—Wen Chuan (Tibet, China) Largest (in population)—Tokyo Biggest (in area)—Hulunbuir, China
Day
Longest—21st June (in Northern hemisphere) Shortest—22nd December (in Southern hemisphere)
Substance
Hardest—Wurtzite boron nitride
Lightest—Lithium Heaviest—Osmium Costliest—Californium 252 ($ 27 million per gram)
Largest—The Cullinan (over 1.5 lb) Largest (Mine)—Kimberley (South Africa)
Melting Point
Highest—Tungsten, 34100°C
Lightest—Hydrogen
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Albania
Tirana
Lek
Algeria
Algiers
Algerian Dinar
Angola
Luanda
New Kwanza
Antigua and Barbuda
Saixt John's
East Caribbean dollar
Buenos Aires
Peso
Armenia
Yerevan
Dram
Canberra
Australian Dollar
Austria
Vienna
Euro
The Bahamas
Nassau
Bahamian dollar
Bangladesh
Taka
Barbados
Bridgetown
Barabados dollar
Belarus
Minsk
Belorussian ruble
Brussels
Bhutan
Thimphu
Ngultrum
Bostwana
Gaborone
Pula
Brasilia
Real
Cambodia
Phnom-Penh
Riel
Canadian Dollar
Santiago
Yuan, Renminbi
Bogota
Copenhagen
Krone
Djibouti
Djiboutian Franc
East Timor
Dili
US Dollar
Cairo
Egyption Pound
Ethiopia
Adis Ababa
Birr
Finland
Helsinki
Euro (Formerly Morka)
Paris
Euro (Formerly French Franc)
Georgia
Tbilisi
Lari
Berlin
Athens
Iceland
Reykjavik
Krona
Rupee
Rupiah
Tehran
Riyal
Baghdad
Dinar
Israel
Jerusalem
Shekel
Rome
Jamaica
Kingston
Jamaican dollar
Tokyo
Yen
Astana
Tenge
Nairobi
Shilling
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kuwait Dinar
Latvia
Riga
Monrovia
Liberian Dollar
Libya
Tripoli
Libyan Dinar
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mongolia
Ulan Bator
Tugrik
Rabat
Dirham
Mozambique
Maputo
Metical
Naypyidaw
Kyat
Windhoek
Namibian Dollar
Kathmandu
Amsterdam
Abuja
Naira
North Korea
Pyongyang
Won (WPW)
Norway
Islamabad
Phillippines
Manila
Poland
Warsaw
Zloty
Portugal
Lisbon
Qatar
Doha
Moscow
Ruble
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Singapore
Dollar
Somalia
Mogadishu
Somali Shilling
Pretoria
Rand
Seul
Won (KRW)
South Sudan Juba
Sudanese Pound
Madrid
Colombo
Sudan
Khartoum
Pound
Stockholm
Bern
Swiss Franc
Taipei
Taiwan New Dollar
Bangkok
Baht
Lira
Uganda
Kampala
Uganda Shilling
London
Pound Sterling
Ukraine
Kiev
Hryvnia
Washington DC
Harare
Largest and Smallest Countries
Largest Country (Area-wise)
Largest Country (Population-wise)
Smallest Country (Area-wise)
Smallest Country (Population-wise)
Vatican City
Dominica
Monaco
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Tuvalu
San Marino
Liechtenstein
Languages and Religions Languages Spoken
Mandarin Chinese
882 million
Spanish
392 million
English
312-380 million
Arabic
206-422 million
Hindi
310 million
Religions of the World Religion Member PercentageChristianity 2.1 billion 33.0% Islam 1.5 billion 21% Hinduism 900 million 14% Buddhism 376 million 6% Sikhism 23 million 0.36% Geographical Epithets
Nilgiri Hills
City Beautiful
City of Golden Gate
San Francisco
City of Magnificent Buildings
Washington (USA)
City of Palaces
City of Seven Hills
City of Skyscrapper
Cockpit of Europe
Dark Continent
Eternal City of Hopers
Forbidden City
Lhasa (Tibet)
Windy City
Chicago
Land of Golden Pagoda
Garden City
Gift of the Nile
Granite City
Aberdeen
Hermit Kingdom
Holy Land
Palestine
Island Continent
Island of Cloves
Zanzibar
Geographical Discoveries
Discovery
Discoverer
Christopher Columbus
North Pole
South Pole
Amundsen
James Cook
Mount Everest
Edmund Hillary
Newfoundland
Cabot Sebastian
Sailed around the World
Magellan
Hudson Bay
Henry Hudson
Sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama
Tasmania Island
Abel Tasman
Planets
Kepler
Hawaian Island
Solar System
Copernicus
Cape of the Good Hope
Bartolomew Dias
National Monuments of Major Countries
Statue of Liberty (New York)
USA
Kinder Disk
Denmark
Kremlin (Moscow)
Christ the Redeemer
The Great Wall of China
Machu Picchu
Emperial Palace (Tokyo)
Taj Mahal (Agra)
Eiffel Tower (Paris)
Tugu Negara (Kuala Lumpur)
Leaning Tower of Pisa
The Great Sphinx (Giza)
Opera House (Sydney)
Pyramid (Giza)
Major News Agencies of the World
Associated Press (AP)
Novosti
Interfax
China News Service, Xin Hua
Allgemeiner Deutschar Nachrichtendienst
Deutsche Presse Agentur
Agence France Presse (AFP)
Agence Parisienne de Presse
Kyodon Tsushin
Reuters
Exchange and Telegraph Company
Australian Associated Press
Australian United Press
Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associate (ANSA)
Europa Press
National Emblem of Major Countries
Australia
Kangaroo
Water Lily
White Lily, Maple Leaf
Candor and Huemul
Beach
Lily
Corn Flower
Lion Capital of Ashoka
Perso Arabic Script of Arabic word 'Allah'
Shora
People's Assembly
National People's Assembly
Parliament/Federal Parliament
National Assembly
Jatia Sansad
Tasongadu
National Congress
Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords)
Parliament
China, Mainland
National People Congress
China, National
Yuah (National Assembly)
Congress
Folketing
Bundestag
Sansad (Parliament)
People's Consultative Assembly
Majilis
Ireland
Orieachtas
White Lily
Chrysanthemum
Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Crescent and Star
Eagle
Rose
Bald eagle,Golden Rod
Country Name
Legislature Name
Knesset
Diet
Korea (North)
Supreme People's Assembly
Korea (South)
General People's Congress
Parliament (Dewan Rakyat, Dewan Negara)
Great People's Khural
Rashtriya Panchayat
State General
Parliament (House of Representatives)
Storting
Romania
Grand National Assembly
Duma
Cortes Generales
Federal Assembly
Syria
People's Council
Legislatures of the World Major Newspapers of the World
Major Newspapers of the World Newspaper Country
Newspaper
The Sydney Morning Herald Australia
People's Daily
The Age Australia
Mainichi Daily News
Globe and Mail Canada
The New Zealand Herald
The Gazette Canada
The Press
Le Monde Dawn Paris (France)
The Scotsman
Dawn Pakistan
The Guardian
Die Welt Germany
The Herald
The Times Britain
The Courier
The Sun Britain
Merdeka
New York Times USA
Pravada
Washington Post USA
The Hindu
Official Books of Major Countries
Blue Book
An official report of the British Government
Green Book
An official publications of Italy and Iran
Grey Book
An official report of the Government of Japan and Belgium
Orange Book
An official publication of the Government of Netherlands
White Book
An official publication of China, Germany and Portugal
Yellow Book
French official book
White Paper
An official paper of the Government of Britain and India on a particular issue
Joint Paper
The point report of two or more than two governments
Political Parties of Major Countries
Liberal Party, Labour Party
Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Awami League, Jatiya Party
Communist Party of China
Socialist Party, National Front, Union for French Democracy
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM), Indian National Congress (INC), Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), Aam Admi Party (AAP)
Ba'ath Party
Labour Party, Likud Party, Hamas Party, Shas Party
Nepali Communist Party, Nepali Congress Party, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum
Muslim League, Pakistan People Party
Liberal Democratic Party, Democratic Choice of Russia, United Russia Party
African National Congress, National Party, Inkatha Freedom Party
United National Party, Freedom Party
Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democratic Party
Republican Party, Democratic Party
Some Important Symbols or Signs
Lotus
Culture and civilisation
Red Cross
Medical aid and hospital
Red Flag
Revolution; also sign of danger
Black Flag
Symbol of protest
Yellow Flag
Flown on ships or vehicles carrying patients suffering from infectious diseases
White Flag
Sign of truce, Symbol of Peace
Flag flown upside down
Symbol of distress
Flag flown at half mast
Symbol of national mourning
Pigeon or Dove
Symbol of peace
A blind folded woman holding a balanced scale
Symbol of justice
Black strip on face arm
Sign of mourning or protest
One skull on two bones crossing each other diagonally
Sign of danger
Wheel (Chakra)
Symbol of progress
Olive Branch
Fathers of Various Fields
Atom Bomb
Dr Robert Oppenheimer
Aviation
Alberto Santos Dumont
George Stephenson
Chemistry
Robert Boyle
Economics
Adam Smith
Geography
Eratosthenes
Sociology
Auguste Comte
Political Science
Aristotle
Philosophy
Rene Descantes
Modern Psychology
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt
English Poetry
Geoffrey Chaucer
Greek Tragedy
Aeschylus
Immunology
Edward Jenner
Genetics
Gregor Johann Mendel
Biology
Microbiology
Antonie Van Leeuwenhock
Geometry
Euclid
Mathematics
Internet
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn
Robotics
Al-Jazari
Computers
Charles Babbage
Artificial Intelligence
John Mc Carthy
Modern Observational Astronomy
Galileo Galilei
Science
Modern Science
Indian Nuclear Science
Homi Jahangir Bhabha
Nanotechnology
Richard Errett Smalley
Intelligence/Detective Agencies of the World
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Intelligence Bureau (IB)
KGB/GRU
National Intelligence Agency
Central External Liaison Department
Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation
Naicho Capitalize
Sazamane Etelaat Va Amniyate Kechvar (SAVAK)
Director General de la Securite Exterieure (DGSE)
General Security Directorate
Military Intelligence (MI-5) and 6, Special Branch, Joint Intelligence Organisation
AL-Mukhabarat AL-Ammah
MOSSAD
Inter Services Intelligence (ISI)
The Seven Wonders of the World
Colossus of Rhodes
Colossus of Rome
Great Pyramid of Giza
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Catacombs of Alexandria
Hagia Sophia (Istanbul)
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italy)
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Pagoda of Nanking
Taj Mahal (Agra, India)
Washington Monument
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Sancta Sophia of Constantinople
Eiffel Tower (Paris, France)
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Stonehenge
Empire State Building
The 'New' Wonders of Modern World
Christ Redeemer, Brazil
The Roman Colosseum, Italy
The Taj Mahal, India
Machu Picchu, Peru
Longest Bridges in the World
Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge Beijing
164800 m (540700 ft)
China
Tianjin Grand Bridge Beijing
113700 m (373000 ft)
Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge Zhengzhou-Xian
79732 m (261588 ft)
Bang Na Expressway
54000 m (177000 ft)
Lake Pontchartrain Causeway
38442 m (126122 ft)
United States
Manchac Swamp Bridge
36710 m (120440 ft)
Yangcun Bridge Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
35812 m (117493 ft)
Hangzhou Bay Bridge
35673 m (117037 ft)
First Governor-General of India
William Bentinck (1
833-35)
Governor-General of Independent India
Lord Lewis Mountbatten
First and Last Indian Governor-General of Free India
C Rajagopalachari (1948-1956)
The first Muslim President of India
Dr Zakir Hussain
First in India (Male)
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned before the full term
Morarji Desai
First person to stay in Rashtrapati Bhawan
Lord Irwin
President of National Congress
Womesh Chandra Bannerjee
The first Home Minister of India
The first Indian Judge of International Court of Justice
Dr Nagendra Singh
Indian Managing Director of World Bank
Gautam Kazi
Governor of Reserve Bank of India
Sir Osborne Smith
The first Indian to join the ICS
Satyendra Nath Tagore
The first Field Marshal of India
SHFJ Manekshaw
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India
General KM Karippa
The first Indian Naval Chief
Vice Admiral RD Katari
The first Indian to win the Nobel Prize
Rabindranath Tagore (1913)
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics
CV Raman
The first Indian to receive Nobel Prize in Economics
Amartya Sen
The first person of Indian origin to get Nobel Prize in Medicine
Hargobind Khurana
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna Award
Dr Radhakrishnan
Sportsperson to receive Bharat Ratna
Sachin Tendulkar
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award
Acharya Vinoba Bhave
First cricketer to get Padma Bhushan
CK Nayudu
First Indian to get the Grammy Award
Pandit Ravishankar
The first person to receive Stalin Peace Prize
Saifuddin Kitchlew
The first person to receive Jnanpith Award
Sri Shankar Kurup
The first Indian pilot
JRD Tata (1929)
First Indian to swin across the English channel
Mihir Sen
First Indian to score triple century in Test Cricket
Virender Sehwag
First Ex-CJI appointed as Governor
P Sathasivam, as Governor of Kerala
First Viceroy of India
Lord Canning (1858-62)
First Minister of Education in India
Dr. Abul Kalam Azad
First speaker of Lok Sabha
G.V. Mavalankar
First Indian member of British House of Commons
Dadabhai Naoroji
First Indian Cricketer to score a Test Century
Lala Amarnath (1933)
First Chief Election Commissioner of India
Sukumar Sen
The first woman Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in Government
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court
Fathima Beevi
The first woman Chief Justice of High Court
Leela Seth
First Woman Lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and first to preside over the Rajya Sabha
Violet Alva
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly
Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state
Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Governor of a State in free India
Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission
Rose Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police
Kanchan C Bhattacharya
The first woman IPS Officer
Kiran Bedi
The first woman President of Indian National Congress
Annie Besant
The first woman Judge
Anna Chandy
The first woman Barrister
Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman Honours Graduate
Kamini Roy
The first woman Chairperson of Indian Airlines
Sushma Chawla
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize
Mother Teresa
The first woman Airline Pilot
Durga Banerjee
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award
Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra
Nirja Bhanot
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner
Kamaljit Sandhu
The first woman Olympic Medal Winner
Karnam Malleswari
The first woman to climb Mount Everest
Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice
Santosh Yadav
The first woman to cross English channel
Aarti Saha
First Woman Doctor
Kadambini Ganguly
First Test Tube Baby
Durga (Kanupriya Agarwal, 1978)
First woman to participate in Olympics
N. Polley (1924, Tennis)
First woman Chief Election Commissioner of India
V.S. Ramadevi (1990)
First woman Speaker of Lok Sabha
Meira Kumar (2009)
First woman to win Wimbledon from India
Sania Mirza
First woman to go into Space
Kalpana Chawla
First woman to win Silver in Olympics
PV Sindhu
First woman wrestler to win Olympic Medal
Sakshi Malik
First woman President
Pratibha Patil
First Indian woman to become member of International Olympic Committee
Nita Ambani
First Indian woman fighter pilot to fly a fighter jet
Avani Chaturvedi
First Indian naval woman pilot
Shubhangi Swaroop
First in India (Miscellaneous) The first Bank
Bank of Hindustan (1770)
First general post office of India
Madras (GPO 1786)
India's first plane to be hijacked
Fokker Friendship Plane (1971)
First telephone line introduced in India
1851
First talkie film of India
Alam Ara (1931)
First battle tank of India
Arjun
First satellite of India
Aryabhatta
The first Indian state to implement the Panchayati Raj System
District to become India's first totally electrified district
Palakkad (Kerala)
City to have an e-court
First Indian to win individual Olympic gold
Abhinav Bindra
First lunar probe
Chandrayaan-I (October 2008)
First dedicated military Satellite
Rukmini (01G-SAT-7)
First Mars Orbiter Mission
5th November, 2013
First Central Agricultural University
Imphal (Manipur)
First state to Attain 100% Primary Literacy Level
First district with complete rural Broadband coverage
Idukki (Kerala)
The longest river
The Ganga (2525 km)
The longest river of Southern India
The longest canal
Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
The longest dam
Hirakud dam (Odisha)
The longest sea beach
Marina beach (Chennai)
The highest lake
Devtal lake (Uttarakhand)
The highest dam
Bhakhra Nangal dam on Sutlej river (Punjab)
The largest lake
Wular lake (Jammu and Kashmir)
The largest saline water lake
Chilka lake (Odisha)
The largest fresh water lake
Wular lake (J & K)
The largest artificial lake
Govind Sagar (Rihand dam)
The largest river island
Majuli, Brahmaputra river (Assam)
The highest waterfall
Kunchikal falls, Shimoga (Karnataka)
The deepest river valley
Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
The longest river bridge
Bhupen Hazarika Bridge, Lohit River (9.15 Km)
The longest sea bridge
Bandra-Worli Sea link
The largest cantilever bridge
Rabindra Setu or Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)
The state with longest coastline
The longest river without delta
The longest railway platform
The longest road
Grand Trunk Road (Kolkata to Delhi)
The highest road
Road at Khardungla (in Leh-Manali sector)
The longest corridor
Corridor of Ramnathswami Temple at Rameshwaram (Tamil Nadu)
The highest airport
Leh Airport (Ladakh)
The largest desert
Thar (Rajasthan)
The largest delta
Sunderbans (West Bengal)
The largest zoo
Zoological Garden (Kolkata)
The biggest stadium
Yuva Bharti (Salt lake) Stadium (Kolkata)
The tallest TV tower
Pitampura (New Delhi)
The largest gurudwara
Golden temple, (Amritsar)
The largest cave temple
Kailash temple (Ellora, Maharashtra)
The highest peak
Godwin Austin, K-2 (8611 m)
The largest mosque
Jama Masjid (Delhi)
The longest tunnel
Jawahar Tunnel, Banihal Pass (Jammu and Kashmir)
The largest animal fair
Sonepur (Bihar)
The largest cave
Amarnath (Jammu and Kashmir)
The highest gate way
Buland Darwaza, (Fatehpur Sikri, UP)
The tallest statue
Statue of Unity (Gujarat)
The most populous city
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
The oldest church
St Thomas Church at Palayur, Trichur (Kerala)
The biggest church
Saint Cathedral at old Goa (Goa)
The longest national highway
NH-7 (Varanasi to Kanyakumari)
The highest award
Bharat Ratna
The highest gallantry award
Param Vir Chakra
MK Gandhi
Bapu; Mahatma, Father of the Nation
MS Golwalkar
Shri Guruji
Madan Mohan Malaviya
Mahamana
Rabindranath Tagore
Gurudev
Rajinder Singh
Nightingale of India
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah
Lion of Kashmir (Sher-i-Kashmir)
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Bangabandhu
Abdul Gaffar Khan
Badshah Khan; Frontier Gandhi
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Lokmanya
CF Andrews
Deenabandhu
CN Annadurai
Anna
CR Das
Deshabandhu
Rajaji
Grand Old Man of India
Chacha, Panditji
Jayaprakash Narayan
Loknayak
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Man of Peace
Lala Lajpat Rai
Punjab Kesari; Lion of Punjab (Sher-i-Punjab)
Crematorium of Famous Person (India)
Raj Ghat
Mahatma Gandhi
Vijay Ghat
Kisan Ghat
Chaudhary Charan Singh
Smriti Sthal
IK Gujral
Sadaiv Atal
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Veer Bhumi
Rajiv Gandhi
Ekta Sthal
Giani Zail Singh, Chandra Shekhar, PV Narasimha
Uday Bhoomi
KR Narayanan
Shanti Van
Shakti Sthal
Father of Sanskrit Grammar
Panini
Founder of Anand Van
Baba Amte
Founder of 'Auroville Ashram' (Puducherry)
Aurobindo Ghosh
Founder of Shantiniketan
Founder of Vishwabharati
Founder of Paunar Ashram
Vinoba Bhave
Founder of Bhudan Movement
Founder of Golden Temple
Guru Arjan Dev
Founder of Khalsa Panth
Guru Gobind Singh
Major Newspapers in India
Economic Times
Mumbai, Delhi
Hindustan Times
Delhi, Patna
Deccan
Mid Day
National Herald
Lucknow, Delhi, Kolkata
Pioneer
Lucknow, Delhi, Kanpur
Search Light
Bengaluru, Chennai, Coimbatore
The Indian Express
Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Lucknow, Madurai, Ahmedabad
The Statesman
Kolkata, New Delhi
The Times of India (Largest English circulating newspaper in the world)
New Delhi/Mumbai/ Ahmedabad
The Tribune
Ambala, Chandigarh
Aaj
Kanpur, Varanasi
Amar Ujala
Allahabad/Agra/Jhansi/ Meerut
Hindustan
Delhi/Patna
Nav Bharat Times Amrit Bazar Patrika
New Delhi/Mumbai Kolkata
Hindi Bengali
Anand Bazar Patrika
Bengali
Yugantar
Matrabhoomi
Odiya
Akali Patrika
Jallandhar
Punjabi
Tej
Urdu
Dinamani
Tamil
Old Name
Changed Name
Vizagapatam
Vishakhapatnam
Avantika
Bezawada
Vijayawada
Bhelsa
Vidisha
Masulipatam
Machilipatnam
Gauhati
Yanaon
Yanam
Baroda
Vadodara
Koyamutthoor
Broach
Bharuch
Simla
Cape Comorin
Kanyakumari
Trivandrum
Conjeevaram
Kozhikode
Benares
Palghat
Palakkad
Foundation Day of Some States
21st January
Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura Day
6th February
Jammu and Kashmir Day
20th February
Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Day
11th March
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Day
22nd March
Bihar Day (Bihar Diwas)
30th March
Rajasthan Day
1st April
Utkal (Odisha) Day
14th April
Tamil Nadu Day
15th April
Himachal Pradesh Day
1st May
Gujarat and Maharashtra Day
16th May
Sikkim Day
1st November
Chattisgarh
09th November
Uttaranchal (Now Uttarakhand) Day
15th November
Jharkhand Day (Jharkhand Diwas)
2nd June (2014)
Telangana Day
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India Site Location Founder
1983
Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra)
Ellora Caves (Maharashtra)
Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh)
Agra Fort (Uttar Pradesh)
1984
Sun Temple, Konark (Odisha)
Mahabalipuram Temples (Tamil Nadu)
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
Kaziranga National Park (Assam)
Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
1986
Churches in Goa (Goa)
Khajuraho Temples (Madhya Pradesh)
Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh)
Hampi Temples (Karnataka)
Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)
Elephants Caves (Maharashtra)
Pattadakal Temples (Karnataka)
1988
Nanda Devi National Park (Uttarakhand)
Sanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh)
1993
Humayun’s Tomb (Delhi)
Qutub Minar (Delhi)
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal)
Mahabodhi Temple (Bodh Gaya) (Bihar)
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetaka (Madhya Pradesh)
Brihadeshwara Temple (Gangaikondacholapuram, Tamil Nadu)
Victoria Terminus (CST), Mumbai
Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram (Tamil Nadu)
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (Gujarat)
2005
Valley of Flowers (Uttarakhand)
Nilgiri Mountain Railway (Tamil Nadu)
Red Fort (Delhi)
Kalka-Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh)
Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Western Ghat
Hill forts of Rajasthan
2014
Rani ki Vav (Gujarat)
Great Himalayan National Park (Himachal Pradesh)
Nalanda Mahavihara (Bihar)
Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim)
The Architectural work of Le corbusier (Chandigarh)
Historic city of Ahmadabad (Gujarat)
The victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai
Aram Bagh
Agra (Uttar Pradesh)
Babur
Anand Bhawan
Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh)
Moti Lal Nehru
Adhai Din Ka Johpda
Ajmer (Rajasthan)
Qutub-ud-din Aibak
Ajanta Caves
Aurangabad
Gupta Rulers
Akbar's Tomb
Sikandera (Uttar Pradesh)
Jahangir
Bibi Ka Maqbara
Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
Aurangzeb
Bharatpur Fort
Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
Raja Surajmal Singh
Bundi Fort
Bundi (Rajasthan)
Bada Imambada
Nawab Asaf-ud-daulah
Belur Math
Swami Vivekanand
Botanical Garden
Shibpur (West Bengal)
Chhatra Mahal
Rani Chhatrasal
Chenna Keshab Temple
Belur (Karnataka)
Vishnu Vardhan
Char Temple
Konark (Odisha)
Narasing Dev I
Chasma-Shahi
Ali Mardan Khan
Charar-e-Sarif
Srinagar (Kashmir)
Jainul Abedin
Choota Imambada
Mohammad Ali Shah
Cochin Fort
Portuguese
Dewan-e-Khas
Shah Jahan
Dilwara Jain Temple
Mount Abu (Rajasthan)
Vastu Pal Tejpal
Deeg Palace
Deeg (Rajasthan)
Raja Badan Singh
Dhar Fort
Dhar (Madhya Pradesh)
Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
Etamad-ud-daulah's Tomb
Noor Jahan
Ellora Caves
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Elephanta Caves
Rashtrakutas
Fatehpur Sikri
Akbar
Firoz Shah Kotla
Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Fort William
Lord Clive
Fateh Sagar
Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Maharana Fateh Singh
British Government
Golconda Fort
Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
Qutubshahi Dynasty
Gol Ghar
Patna (Bihar)
Humayun's Tomb
Hameeda Bano Beghum
Hauz Khas
Ala-ud-din Khilji
Hajratbal Masjid
Harmandir Sahib
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Junagarh
Bikaner (Rajasthan)
Raja Jai Singh
Jama Masjid
Jantar-Mantar
Delhi and Jaipur
Sawai Jai Singh
Jodhpur Fort
Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
Rao Jodha Ji
Jaku Temple
Rani Ras Moni
Jagannath Temple
Puri (Odisha)
Chola Gang Dev
Site Location Founder
Khas Mahal
Kankaria Lake
Sultan Qutub-ud-din
Khirki Masjid
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq
Kandaria Mahadev
Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh)
Chandela Kings
Kanheri Caves
Buddhists
Laxman Temple
Chhatarpur (Madhya Pradesh)
Chandela Rulers
Laxmi Narayan Temple
Birla Family
Laxman Jhula
Rishikesh (Uttarakhand)
Moti Masjid
Delhi Fort
Mrignayani Palace
Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)
Raja Man Singh Tomar
Madan Palace
Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)
Raja Madan Shah
Mecca Masjid
Kuli Kutub Shah
Nahargarh Fort
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Nishaat Bagh
Nakhuda Masjid
Old Fort (Purana Quila)
Sher Shah Suri
President House
Pichhola Lake
Pathar Ki Masjid (Naev Masheed)
Parvez Shah
Padari Ki Haveli
Father Capuchin
Patthar Ki Masjid
Prince of Wales Museum
George V
Rani Ki Badi
Rani Nathvati
Red Fort
Sheesh Mahal
Safdarjung ka Maqbara
Shuja-ud-daulah
Sabarmati Ashram
St Geogre Fort
Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
East India Company
Vimal Shah
Shalimar Bagh (Garden)
Sunset Point
Sher Shani Masjid
Sher Shah's Tomb
Sasaram (Bihar)
Islam Shah Suri, Son of Sher Shah
Taj Mahal
Tughlakabad
Umaid Palace
Maharaj Ummed Singh
Vijay Stambh
Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)
Rana Kumbha
Victoria Memorial
Vishnupad Temple
Gaya (Bihar)
Rani Ahilya Bai
Central Rice Research Institute
Cuttack
Central Sugarcane Research Institute
Central Tobacco Research Institute
Rajahmundry
Central Potato Research Institute
Kufri, Shimla
National Centre of Organic Farming
Ghaziabad
National Plant Protection Training Institute
Central Frozen Semen Production and Training Institute
Hissar Ghatta (Karnataka)
Central Sheep Breeding Farm
Hissar
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izzatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh)
Animal Health Institute
Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training
Integrated Fisheries Project
Central Island Agriculture Research Institute (ICAR)
Central Institute of Cotton Research
Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Bhopal
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
Central Institute of Fisher Technology
Central Institute of Fresh Water Agriculture
Bhubaneswar
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
Barrackpore
Locust Warning Organisation
Jodhpur
National Institute of Agricultural Marketing
Random Sample Poultry Performance Testing Centre
National Institute of Animal Health
Baghpat (Uttar Pradesh)
Disease Investigation Laboratory
Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals
Bengaluru (Karnataka)
Indian Council of Agricultaural Resarch (ICAR)
National Sugar Research Institute
Commerce Industrial Regulatory Boards
Rubber Board Kottayam Spices Board
Kochi
Coffee Board Bengaluru Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
Tea Board Kolkata Indian Institute of Packaging
Tobacco Board Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) Indian Diamond Institute
Animal Welfare Board Chennai Central Pollution Control Board of India
Institute of Communication
Bharat Ratna Bhim Rao Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training Jabalpur
Tele Communication Engineering Centre
National Academy of Telecom Finance and Management
Secunderabad, Hyderabad
Advanced Level Telecom Centre
Indian Institute of Telecom Management (IITM)
Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications
Secunderabad
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Institutions
Indian Agriculture Research Institute
New Delhi
Education
Central Institute of Indian Languages
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages
Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan
Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha
Indian National Academy of Engineering
High Altitude Training Centre
Shillaru (Himachal Pradesh)
Fire Training Centre
Maharishi Sandipani Rashtriya Veda Vidya Prathisthan
Indian School of Business
Indian Statistical Institute
National Law School
Bangalore
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala)
Indian Institute of Public Administration
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
Energy
National Power Training Institute
Faridabad
Centre for Wind Energy Technology
National Solar Energy Federation of India (NSEFI)
Environment
Centre for Environmental Education (CEE)
Centre for Mining Environment (CME)
Dhanbad
GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development
Almora (Uttarakhand)
Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES)
National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
CPR Environmental Education Centre (CEEC)
Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)
Forest Survey of India (FSI)
Dehradun
Indian Council of Forest Research and Education (ICFRE)
Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA)
Wildlife Institute of India (WIT)
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
Central Soil and Material Research Station (CSMRS)
National Mangrove Genetic Resource Centre (NMGRC)
National Coral Reef Research Centre (NCRRC)
National Institute of Hydrology (NIH)
Roorkee
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
Forest
Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-rehabilitation (CSFE)
Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI)
Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM)
Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB)
Forest Research Institute (FRI)
Tropical Forestry Research Institute (TFRI)
Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)
Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI)
Jorhat, Assam
Institute for Forest Productivity (IFP)
Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI)
Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo and Rattans (ARCBR)
Aizawal
Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource Development (CFRHRD)
Chhindwara
Food and Civil Supplies
Bureau of Indian Standards
Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute
Hapur
National Institute of Training for Standardisation
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED)
Food Corporation of India (FCI)
Government Industrial Undertakings
Bharat Electronics Ltd
JalahalIi (Bengaluru)
Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd
Heavy Machine Building Plant
Heavy Vehicles Factory
Avadi (Chennai)
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
Hindustan Aircraft Factory
Hindustan Prefab Limited
Hindustan Teleprinters Ltd
Integral Coach Factory
Perambar (Tamil Nadu)
Security Paper Mill
Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh)
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd
Neyveli (Tamil Nadu)
Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd
Hundustan Photo Films Manufacturing Company Ltd
Ooty (Tamil Nadu)
Hindustan Zinc Ltd
Health and Family Welfare
National Academy of Medical Science
National Institute of Ayurveda
National Institute of Unani Medicines
National Institute of Homeopathy
National Institute of Naturopathy
National Institute of Siddha
Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga
Health and Medicinal Research Centres in India
School of Tropical Medicine Kolkata
Central Leprosy Training and Research Institute
Chengalpattu (Tamil Nadu)
PGI Medical Education and Research
National Institute of Nutrition
National Institute of Occupational Health
King Institute of Preventive Medicine
Guindy (Chennai)
All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health
All India Malaria Research Institute
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
National Tuberculosis Institute
Indian Cancer Research Centre
Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research
Jamnagar (Gujarat)
Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute
Haffkine Institute
National Institute of Communicable Diseases
Indian Council of Medical Research
Industry
Sardar Vallabhbhai Institute of Textile Management
Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology
Justice and Law
National Judicial Academy
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science
National Law School of India University
Labour
V V Giri National Labour Institute
Noida (Uttar Pradesh)
National Instructional Media Institute
Central Staff Training and Research Institute
Laboratories
Central Scientific Instrument Organisation
Central Leather Research Institute
Indian Institute of Petroleum
Central Mining Research Station
Central Fuel Research Institute
Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
National Geophysical Research Institute
National Metallurgical Laboratory
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute
National Botanical Research Institute
Central Drug Research Institute
Central Institute of Medical and Aromatic Plants
Central Food Technological Research Institute
National Environment Engineering Institute
National Physical Laboratory
Pulses Research Laboratory
Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh)
National Biological Laboratory
Palampur (Himachal Pradesh)
National Institute of Oceanography
Panaji (Goa)
Central Electronic Engineering Research Institute
Pilani (Rajasthan)
Mass Communication
Film and Television Institute of India
Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute
Indian Institute of Mass Communication
Nuclear and Space Research Centres in India
Research Centre Place
Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)
Alwaye (Kerala)
Uranium Corporation of India Limited
Jadugora (Jharkhand)
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
Electronics Corporation of India Limited
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Trombay (Mumbai)
Radio Astronomy Centre
Ootacamund (Tamil Nadu, Ooty)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Centre of Earth Science's Studies
Physical Research Laboratory
Space Commission
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Space Application Centre
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
Thumba (Kerala)
College of Satellite Communication Technology
Social Welfare Institutes
Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities
National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research
National Institute for the Visually Handicapped
National Institute for Orthopaedically Handicapped
Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped
Institute of Physically Handicapped
National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development
National Institute for Mentally Handicapped
Secunderabad (Telangana)
Science and Technology Research Institutes
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
The National Centre for Biological Science
Raman Research Institute
Institute of Life Sciences
National Institute of Ocean Technology
Central Marine Research Station
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
High Altitude Research Laboratory
Gulmarg (Kashmir)
The Survey Training Institute
Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics
Indian National Centre for Ocean and Information Services
Institute of Microbial Technology
Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development
The Centre for Marine Living Resource and Ecology
S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
National Brain Research Centre
Manesar (Haryana)
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
National Institute of Immunology
Indian National Science Academy
National Seismological Database Centre
National Centre for Plant Genome Research
National Centre for Cell Science
Indian Lac Research Institute
SV National Institute of Technology
Shri Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology
Transport
Rail Wheel Factory
Chittaranjan Locomotive Works
Chittaranjan (West Bengal)
The National Institute of Aviation Management and Research
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi
Fursatganj (Uttar Pradesh)
National Institute of Water Sports
The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management
Rail Coach Factory
Kapurthala
Diesel Locomotives Work
LBS College of Advance Maritime Studies and Research
Marine Engineering and Research Institute
Fire Service Training School
Narayanpur (Kolkata)
Perumbur (Chennai)
Maritime Training Institute
Powai (Mumbai)
Water Resources
The Central Soil and Material Research Station
The Central Water and Power Research Station
The National Institute of Hydrology
Youth Affairs and Sports
Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports
Patiala
The Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development
Sriperumbudur (Tamil Nadu)
January 1 Army Medical Corps Establishment Day 4 Louis Braille Day 8 African National CongressFoundation Day 9 NRI Day (Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas) 10 World Hindi Day 11 World Laughter Day 12 National Youth Day (Birthday of Swami Vivekanand) 15 Army Day 21 Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura Diwas 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary 24 Rashtriya Balika Divas, Giri Child Day 25 National Tourism Day, Voter's Day, International Customs and Excise Day, Voters Day 26 Indian Republic Day, International Customs Day 30 Martyr's Day (Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom), World Leprosy Eradication Day February 1 Indian Coast Guard Day 2 World Wetlands Day 4 National Day of Sri Lanka 5 Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan) 13 World Radio Day 20 World Social Justice Day 21 International Mother Tongue Day 24 Central Excise Day 28 National Science Day March 3 National Defence Day, World Wildlfie Day 4 National Security Day 8 International Women's Day 11 Andaman Nicobar Day 13 World Kidney Day 15 World Consumer Rights Day, World Disabled Day 16 National Vaccination Day 18 Ordnance Manufacturing Day 21 World Forestry Day, International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 22 World Water Day 23 World Meteorological Day 24 World TB Day 26 Bangladesh Liberation Day 27 World Theatre Day April 2 World Autism Awareness Day 5 National Maritime Day, International Day for Mine Awareness 7 World Health Day 10 World Homeopathy Day 13 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Day (1919) 14 BR Ambedkar Remembrance Day; Fire Extinguishing Day 17 World Haemophilia Day 18 World Heritage Day, Azad Hind Fauz Day 21 Civil Services Day 22 World Earth Day 23 World Book and Copyright Day 24 Panchayat Divas 25 World Malaria Day 26 World Intellectual Property Day May 1 International Labour Day (May Day), Maharashtra Day, Gujarat Day 2 World Asthma Day 3 World Press Freedom Day, International Energy Day 8 World Red Cross Day 11 National Technology Day 12 International Nurses Day 15 International Family Day 17 World Telecommunications Day 21 Anti-Terrorism Day, Rajiv Gandhi Death Anniversary 22 World Biodiversity Day 24 Commonwealth Day 31 World Anti-Tobacco Day June 1 Global Day of Parents 5 World Environment Day 20 World Refugee Day 21 International Yoga Day 23 International Widow Day, International Olympic Day 29 National Statistics Day July 1 Doctor's Day, State Bank of India Foundation Day 4 American Independence Day 7 International Day of Co-operatives 11 World Population Day 18 International Nelson Mandela Day 26 Kargil Victory Day 28 World Nature Conservation Day, World Hepatitis Day August 1 World Breast Feeding Day 6 Hiroshima Day (World Peace Day) 9 Kranti Divas, Nagasaki Day, Quit India Day, International Day of word's Ingenious People 12 International Youth Day 15 India's Independence Day 19 World Photography Day 20 Sadbhavna Diwas 29 National Sports Day (Dhyanchand's birthday) 30 Small Industry Day September 5 Teachers' Day, Dr Radhakrishnan's Birthday 8 International Literacy Day (UNESCO) 14 World First Aid Day 15 Engineers Day, International Day of Democracy 16 World Ozone Day 18 Biosphere Day, World Alzheimer's Day 20 Railway Police Force Foundation Day 21 International Day of Peace 24 World Deaf Day, World Heart Day 27 World Tourism Day October 1 International Day for the Elderly (UN) 2 International Non-violence Day, Lal Bahadur Shastri and Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday 3 World Habitat Day 4 World Animal Welfare Day 5 World Teacher's Day 8 Indian Air Force Day 9 World Postal Day 10 World Mental Health Day; National Post Day 11 International Girl Child Day 13 World Calamity Control Day (UN) 14 World Standards Day 15 World White Cane Day (Guiding the blind) 16 World Food Day 17 International Poverty Eradication Day 20 National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day) 21 World Iodine Shortage Day 22 World Energy Day 24 United Nations Day, World Polio Day 31 World Thrift Day, National Integration Day November 7 Infant Protection Day; National Cancer Awareness Day 10 Transport Day, Malala Day (by UN) 11 National Education Day 14 Children's Day, World Diabetics Day 16 National Press Day 17 National Epilepsy Day 18 World Adult Day 19 World Citizen Day, National Integration Day, World Toilet Day 20 Universal Children's Day (UN), Africa Industrialisation Day 21 World Fisheries Day 25 World Non-veg Prevention Day 26 Law Day, National Milk Day, Samvidhan Diwas December 1 World AIDS Day 2 International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, World Computer literacy Day 3 World Disabled Day 4 Navy Day 5 International Volunteers Day 7 Armed Forces Flag Day 10 Human Rights Day 11 UNICEF Day 14 National Energy Conservation Day 16 Vijay Divas 19 Goa's Liberation Day 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day) 25 National Good Governance Day, X-Mas Day 29 International Biodiversity Day
1991-2000
UN Decade against Drug Abuse
1995-2004
Decade for Human RightsEducation
1997-2006
Decade for the Eradication ofPoverty
2003-2012
UN Literacy Decade :Education for All
2005-2014
UN Decade of Education forSustainable Development
2005-2015
International Decade for Action 'Water for Life’
2006-2016
Decade of Recovery andSustainable Development of theAffected Regions
2008-2017
Second UN Decade for theEradication of Poverty
2010-2020 UN Decade for Deserts andFight against Desertification
2011-
2020 Decade of Action for Road Safety UN Decade on Biodiversity Third UN International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism
2018
International Year of IndigenousLanguages
International Year of SustainableTourism for Development
International Year of Pulses
International Year of Soils
International Year of Light andLight-based Technologies
International Year of Small Island Developing States
International Year of Crystallography
International Year of Family Farming
International Year of WaterCooperation
International Year of Quinoa
International Year of Cooperatives
International Year of SustainableEnergy for All
International Year of Chemistry
International Year of Forests
International Year of Youth
International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures
International Year of Biodiversity
ABM – Anti Ballistic Missile AD – Anno Domini (After the birth of Jesus) ADF – Asian Development Fund AERE – Atomic Energy Research Establishment AFSPA – Armed Forces Special Power Act AGOC – Asian Games Organising Committee AIDS – Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ALH – Advanced Light Helicopter APPLE – Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment ASAT – Anti-Satellite Weapon ASEAN – Association of South-East Asian Nations ASCI – Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange ATM – Automated Teller Machine APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation BIS – Bureau of Indian Standards BIT – Binary Digit (Basic unit of information in computing and telecommunication) BMDS – Ballistic Missile Defence System BRO – Border Roads Organisation BRT – Bus Rapid Transit CAA – Civil Aviation Authority CABE – Central Advisory Board of Education CAG – Comptroller and Auditor General CAD – Computer Aided Design CAIR – Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics CAPES – Computer-Aided Paperless Examination System CAZRI – Central Arid Zone Research Institute CAT – Central Administrative Tribunal CBI – Central Bureau of Investigation CECA – Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement CERT – Computer Emergency Response team CHOGM – Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting CISF – Central Industrial Security Force CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CLASS – Computer Literacy and Studies in School CNG – Compressed Natural Gas COLA – Cellular Operator Association of India CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CPRI – Central Power Research Institute CSIR – Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CVC – Central Vigilance Commission DAVP – Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity DDT – Dichlorodiphenyl Trichloroethane DFDR – Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) DIG – Deputy Inspector General DPSA – Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft DPT – Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus DRDO – Defence Research and Development Organisation ECG – Electro Cardiogram ECT – Electro Concvulsive Therapy (electric shock treatment) EEG – Electro-Encephalography EET – Exempt Exempt Taxation ELISA – Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent ECGC – Export Credit Guarantee Corporation ESCAP – Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific EVM – Electronic Voting Machine EPZ – Export Processing Zone FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FII – Foreign Institutional Investor FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation FERA – Foreign Exchange Regulation Act FEMA – Foreign Exchange Management Act FICCI – Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FRIBA – Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects FLAG – Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe GAIN – Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition GATS – General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GEF – Global Environment Fund GMPS – Global Mobile Personal Communications System GMT – Greenwich Mean Time GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System GPS – Global Positioning System GSLV – Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle HAC – Hindustan Aluminium Corporation HAL – Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus HRIDAY – National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana. HYVS – High Yield Variety Seeds IAAI – International Airport Authority of India IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency IBRD – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAR – Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICMR – Indian Council of Medical Research ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross IDPL – Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited IMO – International Maritime Organisation INSAS – Indian Small Arms System INSAT – Indian National Satellite IPC – Indian Penal Code IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KYC – Know Your Customer KG – Kinder Garten LCA – Light Combat Aircraft LOC – Line of Control LOAC – Line of Actual Control LTA – Light Transport Aircraft LIGO – Laser Interferamenter Gravitational-wave Observatory MAT – Minimum Alternative Tax METSAT – Meteorological Satellite MMS – Multimedia Message Service MRTS – Mass Rapid Transit System MTCR – Missile Technology Control Regime NACO – National AIDS Control Organisation NADA – National Anti-Doping Agency NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATA – Natural Aptitude Test for Architecture NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NCEP – National Committee on Environmental Planning NeGP – National e-Governance Plan NEP – National Education Policy NEPA – National Environment Protection Act NTPC – National Thermal Power Corporation OCI – Overseas Citizen of India OAS – Organisation of American States OAU – Organisation of African Unity ODS – Ozone Depletion Substances OIC – Organisation of Islamic Countries OSCE – Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe OROP – One Rank One Pension PURA – Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas PATA – Pacific Asia Travel Association PIB – Press Information Bureau PN – Participatory Note POTA – Prevention of Terrorism Act PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PWD – Public Works Department QIB – Qualified Institutional Buyer QIP – Qualified Institutional Placement RAF – Rapid Action Force RBI – Reserve Bank of India RCC – Reinforced Cement Concrete RDSS – Radio Determination Satellite Service RLV – Reusable Launch Vehicle RTGS – Real Time Gross Settlement System SAFTA – South Asian Free Trade Area SAIL – Steel Authority of India Limited SAPTA – SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement SATNAV – Satellite Navigation SAVE – SAARC Audio Visual Exchange SCO – Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SCOPE – Standing Commitiee of Public Enterprises SEBI – Securities and Exchange Board of India SIDBI – Small Industries Development Bank of India SMART – Simple Moral Accountable Responsive and Transparent SPIN – Software Process Improvement Networks STARS – Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station STARTS – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Station SWIFT – Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications TADA – Terrorist and Discruptive Activities (Prevention) Act TAPS – Tarapur Atomic Power Station TIN – Tax Identification Number TNT – Tri Nitro Toluene (high explosive) TRAI – Telecom Regulatory Authority of India TRIPS – Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UNCTAD – United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP – United Nations Development Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme UNFPA – United Nations Fund for Population Activities VAT – Value Added Tax VLSI – Very Large Scale Integration VOIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol VSAT – Very Small Aperture Terminals WADA – World Anti-Doping Agency WAVE – Wireless Access for Virtual Enterprise WFP – World Food Programme WFTU – World Federation of Trade Unions WLL – Wireless in Local Loop WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature YMCA – Young Men's Christian Association YWCA – Young Women's Christian Association ZSI – Zoological Survey of India ZIP – Zone Improvement Plan
Eric Segal – Love Story Ernest Hemingway – The Old Man and the Sea Fyodor Dostoevsky – The Idiot GB Shaw – Apple Cart Gabrielle Hamilton – Blood, Bones and Butter George Co Bush – Decision Point (Autobiography) George Orwell – Ninteen Eighty Four Goethe – Faust HB Stowe – Uncle Tom's Cabin Herschele Gibbs – To the Point (Autobiography) Herta Muller – The Appointment Homer – Odyssey Isaac Newton – Principia Mathematica Jasper F Forde – Shades of Grey Jean Paul Sartre – Iron in the Soul Jeffrey Archer – First Among Equals JK Rowling – The Tales of Beedle the Barol John Masefield – Nine Days Wonder John Ruskin – Unto this Last Jonathan Swift – Gulliver's Travels Joy Adamson – Born Free Jules Verne – Around the World in 80 days Karl Marx – Das Kapital Katherine Mayo – Mother India Kim Edwards – Lake of Dreams L Fischer – A Week with Gandhi Lapierre and Collins – Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins Sdomininique lapierre – Mountbatten and Independent India Lord Byron – Don Juan Lord Curzon – Problems of The East M Veerappa Moily – 'Shree Ramayana Mahanveshanam'' Machiavelli – The Prince Margaret Mitchell – Gone with the Wind Mark Twain – Adventures of Tom Sawyer Martin Amis – The Pregnant Widow Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay – Devdas Parineeta Sarojini Naidu – The Golden Threshold; The Bird of Time Munshi Prem Chand – Rang Bhoomi Godan Rammohan Roy – Precept of Jesus; A Gift to Monotheists Mahatma Gandhi – My Experiments with Truth; Hind Swaraj Amartya Sen – Development as Freedom; The Idea of Justice Abul Kalam Azad – India Wins Freedom AL Basham – Wonder That was India Amit Chaudhuri – The Immortals Annie Besant – Wake up India Anuradha Roy – The Folded Earth Aravind Adiga – The White Tiger Arundhati Roy – The God of Small Things; The ministry of Utmost Happiness Asha Purna Devi – Subarnalata Aurobindo Ghosh – Life Divine Balwant Gargi – Naked Triangle BG Tilak – Gita Rahasya BR Ambedkar – What Congress and Gandhi have done to Untouchables Brig John Dalvi – Himalayan Blunder Dadabhai Naoroji – Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India Daisy Hason – The To-Let House Dr Radha Krishnan – Hindu View of Life Dr Rajendra Prasad – India Divided VD Savarkar – Indian War of Independence Edited by Pranab Mukherjee – The Congress and The Making of Indian Nation Gen Ayub Khan – Friends not Master Gopal Krishna Gandhi – of a Certain Age : Twenty Life Sketches GopinathMohanty – Moti Mahal Hamid Ansari – Travelling Through Conflict IK Gujral – Matters of Discretion (Autobiography) Imran Hashmi – The Kiss of Life Indira Gandhi – My Truth Janardan Thakur – All the Prime Minister's Men Dr APJ Abdul Kalam – Ignited Minds : Unleashing the Power within India,; You Are Born to Blossom, My Journey,; India 2020-A vision for the New Millennium,; Wings of Fire Amitabh Ghosh – The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable Mulk Raj Anand – The Village,; Seven Summers,; Two Leaves and a Bud,; Coolie Amrita Pritam – Kora Kagaz,; Death of a City,; Kagaz Te Kanwas, The Revenue Stamp Ramachandra Guha – Makers of Modern India India after Gandhi : The History of the World's Largest Democracy,; Environmentalism : A Global History,; The States of Indian Cricket Khushwant Singh – The Sunset Club,; Sahibs Who Loved India,; Why I Supported the Emergency, Truth, Love and A Little Malice,; We Indians,; A Bride for the Sahib, Maharaja in Denims RK Narayan – Guide, Dark Room,; The Vendor of Sweets Chetan Bhagat – One Night the Call Centre,; Revolution 2020, What young India Wants Making India Awesome,; Half Girlfriend,; One Indian Girl Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay – Devi Chaudharani Anand Math Maithili Sharan Gupt – Saket Yashodhara JP Narayan – Prison Diary; To all Fighters of Freedom, Why Socialism? Javier Moro – A Dramatised Biography of, Sonia Gandhi; The Red Sari Salman Khurshid – The Other Side of the Mountain. Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations AG Noorani – 'India—China Boundary Problems, 1846 to 1947'' Al Gore (former US Vice President) – 'An Inconvenient Truth'' Andy Marino : – Narendra Modi : A Political Biography Arthur Conan Doyle – Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Arthur I Miller – Empire of the Stars Arthur Stanley Eddington – Expanding Universe Anna Jeon Mayhew – The Dry Glass of August Alan Shapiro – Night of the Republic Benazir Bhutto – Reconciliation : Islam Democracy and the West Catherin O' Flynn – The News Where you are Charles Darwin – Descent of Man, Origin of Species Cherie Blair – Speaking for Myself Chester Bowles – A View from Delhi Dan Brown – The Lost Symbol David Loshak – Pakistan Crisis Desmond Tutu – No Future Without Forgiveness DH Lawrence – Sons and Lovers; Lady Chatterley's Lover Dominque Lapierre – 'A Rainbow in the Night-Nelson Mandela and the Tumultuous Birth of South Africa'' Domingo Martinez – Thy Boy Kings of Taxas Dould Maraniss – Barack Obama: The Making of the Man Doniel Silva – Moscow Rules E M Forster – A Passage to India Edited by Michele Kelley, Deepika D´Souza – 'The World Bank in India—Undermining Sovereignty, Distorting Development'' Edward Gibbon – Decline and Fall of the Roman Empires William Shakespeare – King Lear All's Well That Ends Well; Twelfth Night; Comedy of Errors; Romeo and Juliet; Antony and Cleopatra; The Tempest; Macbeth; Julius Caesar; Othello Charles Dickens – A Tale of Two Cities Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; Great Expectations George Bernard Shaw – Back to Methuselah Man of Destiny; Arms and the Man; Man and Superman Leo Tolstoy – Resurrection; War and Peace; Anna Karenina Barack Obama – Dreams from My Father : A Story of Race and Inheritance; The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream TS Eliot – Murder in the Cathedral; The Wasteland, and other poem HG Wells – The War of the Worlds; The Time Machine; Invisible Man George Eliot – Mill on the Floss; Middle March John Milton – Paradise Regained; Paradise Lost Jane Austen – Pride and Prejudice; Sense and Sensibility Lewis Carroll – Through the Looking Glass; The Hunting of Snark Rober Louis Stevenson – Kidnapped Treasure Island Abdul Salam Zaeef – 'My Life With the Taliban'' Mathew Arnold – Sohrab and Rustum Maxim Gorky – Mother Malala Yousafzai – We are Displaced Michael Jackson – Moon Walk (Autobiography) Michael Phelps – No Limits : The Will to Succeed Nandan Nilekani – Imaging India : Ideas for a New Century Nelson Mandela – The Conversations with Myself Oliver Goldsmith – She Stoops to Conquer Oscar Wilde – Importance of Being Earnest Pallava Bagla – ''Destination Moon-India's quest for the Moon, Mars and Beyond'' Parvez Musharraf – 'In the Line of Fire'' Pearl S Buck – The Rainbow Philip Pullmen – The Good Man Jesus and The Scoundrel Christ Plato – The Republic Robert TS Mickles Sr – Blood Kin, A Savannah Story Rudyard Kipling – Jungle Book Ruskin Bond – Notes from a Small Room R M Lala – For the Love of India : The Life and Times of Jamsetji Tata Shoaib Akhtar – Controversially Yours (Autobiography) Sydney Sheldon – The Naked Face Syyed Amir Ali – The Spirit of Islam TC Boyle – Wild Child Thomas Moor – Utopia Toni Morrison – What Moves at the Margin : Selected Non-Fiction Thomos Weber – Gandhi at First Sight Tony Blair – A Journey U Thant – View from the UN Willam Alexander – Goblin Secrets Walter Scott – Ivanhoe Winston Churchill – Gathering Storm Mathew Arnold – Sohrab and Rustum Maxim Gorky – Mother Malala Yousafzai – We are Displaced Michael Jackson – Moon Walk (Autobiography) Michael Phelps – No Limits : The Will to Succeed Nandan Nilekani – Imaging India : Ideas for a New Century Nelson Mandela – The Conversations with Myself Oliver Goldsmith – She Stoops to Conquer Oscar Wilde – Importance of Being Earnest Pallava Bagla – ''Destination Moon-India's quest for the Moon, Mars and Beyond'' Parvez Musharraf – 'In the Line of Fire'' Pearl S Buck – The Rainbow Philip Pullmen – The Good Man Jesus and The Scoundrel Christ Plato – The Republic Robert TS Mickles Sr – Blood Kin, A Savannah Story Rudyard Kipling – Jungle Book Ruskin Bond – Notes from a Small Room R M Lala – For the Love of India : The Life and Times of Jamsetji Tata Shoaib Akhtar – Controversially Yours (Autobiography) Sydney Sheldon – The Naked Face Syyed Amir Ali – The Spirit of Islam TC Boyle – Wild Child Thomas Moor – Utopia Toni Morrison – What Moves at the Margin : Selected Non-Fiction Thomos Weber – Gandhi at First Sight Tony Blair – A Journey U Thant – View from the UN Willam Alexander – Goblin Secrets Walter Scott – Ivanhoe Winston Churchill – Gathering Storm Mathew Arnold – Sohrab and Rustum Maxim Gorky – Mother Malala Yousafzai – We are Displaced Michael Jackson – Moon Walk (Autobiography) Michael Phelps – No Limits : The Will to Succeed Nandan Nilekani – Imaging India : Ideas for a New Century Nelson Mandela – The Conversations with Myself Oliver Goldsmith – She Stoops to Conquer Oscar Wilde – Importance of Being Earnest Pallava Bagla – ''Destination Moon-India's quest for the Moon, Mars and Beyond'' Parvez Musharraf – 'In the Line of Fire'' Pearl S Buck – The Rainbow Philip Pullmen – The Good Man Jesus and The Scoundrel Christ Plato – The Republic Robert TS Mickles Sr – Blood Kin, A Savannah Story Rudyard Kipling – Jungle Book Ruskin Bond – Notes from a Small Room R M Lala – For the Love of India : The Life and Times of Jamsetji Tata Shoaib Akhtar – Controversially Yours (Autobiography) Sydney Sheldon – The Naked Face Syyed Amir Ali – The Spirit of Islam TC Boyle – Wild Child Thomas Moor – Utopia Toni Morrison – What Moves at the Margin : Selected Non-Fiction Thomos Weber – Gandhi at First Sight Tony Blair – A Journey U Thant – View from the UN Willam Alexander – Goblin Secrets Walter Scott – Ivanhoe Winston Churchill – Gathering Storm Jaswant Singh – Jinnah—India, Partition, Independence Jyotiba Phule – Ghulam Giri and other Stories K Natwar Singh – One life is not enough 'My China Diary' Kapil Dev – Straight from the Heart Kapil Sibal – I Witness–Partial Observation Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan – Pakhtoon Kingshuk Nag – The Namo Story : A Political Life KM Munshi – I Follow the Mahatama Kuldip Nayar – The Judgement Kailash Sathyarthi – Azad Bachpan Ki Or KP Mathur – The Unseen Indira Gandhi Kishalay Bhattacharya – Blood or My Hands; Confession of stated Encounters Kartar Lahani – The Making of India Lal Krishna Advani – My Country My Life Lala Lajpat Rai – Unhappy India Mahadevi Verma – Yama Maj HPS Ahluwalia – Face of Everest Manohar Malgaonkar – A Bend in the Ganges Meghnad Desai – The Rediscovery of India MJ Akbar – Nehru: The Making of India Morarji Desai – A Minister and his Responsibilities Narayan Lakshman – Patrons of the Poor : Caste Politics and Policy Making in India Narayan Shehgal – A Voice of Freedom Shri Narendra Modi – 'Convenient Action : Gujarat's Response to Climate Change''; Exam warriors Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay – Narendra Modi: The Man, The Times Nirad C Choudhary – An Unknown Indian NR Narayan Murthy – A Better India A Better World PM Nayar – The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President PVR Rao – Defence Without Drift Rabindranath Tagore – Chitra Raghunath ▸ Mashelkar – 'Timeless Inspirator— Reliving Gandhi'' Rajmohan Gandhi – The Good Boat Man : A Portrait of Gandhi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar – Rashmirathi Rashika Chaube and Chhaya Mahajan – An Inspirational Journey: Pratibha Devi Singh Patil; The First Women President of India Ramesh Chandra Dutta – Economic History of India Ram Chandra Guha – Gandhi Ravi Shankar – My Music, My Life Ronald Segal – Crisis of India Saniya Mirza – Ace Against Odse Ruskin Bond – A little book of Happiness S Nihal Singh – My India SC Bose – The Indian Struggle Shashi Tharoor – The Elephant, Cell Phone : Reflections on India in the 21st century India Shastra', Pax Indica, The Paradoxical Prime Minister Shashi Tharoor and Shaharyar Khan – Shadows Across the Playing Field : 60 years of India-Pak Cricket Shobha De – Superstar India : From Incredible to Unstoppable Shyam Bhatia – Good Bye Shahzadi (A Biography of Benazir Bhutto) Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan – Causes of the Indian Mutiny SK Nandi – Ramacharit Sri Aurobindo Ghosh – Savitri Subramanian Swamy – 'Electronic Voting Machines—Unconstitutional and Tamperable'' Sunil Gavaskar – Sunny Days Surjit Singh Barnala – My Other Two Daughters Swami Dayanand – Satyarth Prakash TS Krishnanmurthy – The Miracle of Democracy : India's Amazing Journey Upinder Singh – A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from Stone Age to the 12th Century V V Giri – Voice of Conscience V V S Laxman R – 281 and Beyond Veerappa Moily – Unleashing India Vinita Kamte – To the Last Bullet Vinod Mehta – Lucknow Boy (Autobiography) Virat Kohli – Driven YV Reddy – Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery Jairam Ramesh – Indira Gandhi : A Life in Nature DG Tendulkar – Gandhi in Champaran
Salman Rushdie
Midnight Children Shame The Moor's Last Sigh Fury The Satanic Verses Two years, at Month and Twenty-at Night
Booker Prize 1981 (Midnight Children)
Vikram Seth
The Golden Gate
Padma Shri in Literature and Education
A Suitable Boy An Equal Music Summer Requiem Two Lives
Arundhati Roy
The God of Small things
Booker Prize 1997
The Algebra at Infinite Justice
(The God of Small Things)
Rohinton Mistry
Such a Long Journey
Booker Prize 1991
Family Matters A Fine Balance
(Such a Long Journey)
VS Naipaul
A House for Mr Biswaas
Nobel Prize in Literature 2001
India : a Wounded Civilization
(for having united perceptive narrative
An Area of Darkness India : a Million Mutinies now The Masque of Africa A Bend in The River
and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel)
Amitav Ghosh
The Circle of Reason
Padma Shri by Government of India
River of Smoke
The Glass Palace
(for his best work in English Language)
Shadow Line The Calcutta Chromosome Flood of Fire The Hungry Tide Sea of Poppies In an Antique Land
Crossword Book Prize in 2008 for Sea of Poppier
Jhumpa Lahiri
The Namesake
Pulitzer Prize 2000
The Interpreter of Maladies The Unaccustomed Earth
(The Namesake)
Shashi Tharoor
The Great Indian Novel
Common Wealth Writer's Prize
Show Business India : From Midnight to Millenium India Shastra: Reflections on the Nation in our time
(The Great Indian Novel)
Upamanyu Chatterjee
The Mammaries of the Welfare State English August Way to 90
Sahitya Akademi Award 2004 (The Mammaries of the Welfare State)
Kiran Desai
The Inheritance of Loss
Man Booker Prize 2006
Books Awarded with Prizes
Pulitzer Prize
The Road
Cormac McCarthy
The Looming Tower : Al-Qaeda and The Road to 9/11
Lawrence Wright
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
Junot Diaz
The Years of Extermination : Nazi Germany and The Jews, 1939-1945
Saul Friedlander
Olive Kitteridge
Elizabeth Strout
Slavery by Another Name : The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from The Civil War to World War II
Douglas A Blackmon
The Dead Hand : The Untold Story of The Cold War Arms Race and its Dangerous Legacy
David E Hoffman
Tinkers
Paul Harding
A Visit from the Goon Squad
Jennifer Egan
The Emperor of All Maladies : A Biography of Cancer
Siddhartha Mukherjee
The Orphan Master's Son (Fiction)
Adam Johnson
Disgraced (Drama)
Ayad Akhtar
3 Sections (Poetry)
Vijay Seshadri
The Goldfinch (Fiction)
Donna Tartt
Digest (Poetry)
Gregory Pardlo
Sympathizer (Fiction)
Viet Thanh Nguyen
Underground Railroad (Fiction)
Colson Whitehead
Less (Fiction)
Andrew Sean Greer
Man Booker Prize
The Gathering
Anne Enright
The White Tiger
Aravind Adiga
Wolf Hall
Hilary Mantel
The Finkler Question
Howard Jacobson
Troubles
JG Farrell
The Sense of an Ending
Julian Barnes
Bring up the Bodies
The Luminaries
Eleanor Catton
The Narrow Road to the Deep North
Richard Flanagan
A Brief History of Seven Killings
Marlon James
The Sellout
Paul Beatty
Lincoln in the Bardo
George Saunders
Flight
Olgo Tokarczuk
Sahitya Akademi Award
Hajar Churashir Maa
Mahasweta Devi
Mahabharata An Inquiry in the Human Condition
Chaturvedi Badrinath
Hawa me Hastakshar
Kailash Vajpeyi
Book of Rachel
Esther David
Mohan Das
Uday Prakash
India After Gandhi
Ramachandra Guha
Rehan Per Ragghu (Novel) Pathar Fenk Rara Hoon (Poetry) Miljul Man (Novel) Trying to Say Goodbye (Poetry)
Kashinath Singh Chandrakant Devtale Mridula Garg Adil Jussawala
2011 2012 2013 2014
Vinayak (Novel)
Ramesh Chandra Shah
Aag ki Hansee
Ramdash Mishra
Parijat
Nasrina Sharma
The Black Hill (Novel)
Mamang Dai
Post Box No. 203
Chitra Mudgal
Saraswati Samman
Kayakalap
Lakshmi Nandan Bora
Lafzan di Dargah
Surjit Paatar
Mandra
SL Bhyrappa
Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum
AA Manavalan
Manalezhuthu
Sugathakumari
Dhool Paudho Par
Govind Mishra
Ramayana and Mahanveshanam
Veerappa Moily
Chitt-Chete
Padma Sachdev
Hawthan
Mahabaleshwar Sail
Vakhar
Sitanshu Yashaschandra
Orange Prize
Half of a Yellow Sun
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
The Road Home
Rose Rose Tremain
Home
Marilynne Robinson
The Lacuna
Barbara Kingsolver
Serious Men
Manu Joseph
The Sly Company of People Who Care
Rahul Bhattacharya
Home Boy
HM Naqvi
The Tiger's Wife
Tea Obreht
The Song of Achilles
Maleline
May We Be Forgiven
AM Homes
How to Be Both
Ali Smith
The Glorious Heresies
Lisa Mcinerney
The Power
Naomi Alderman
Home Fire
Kamila Shamsie
Saraswati Samman ▸ Kayakalap Lakshmi Nandan Bora 2008 ▸ Lafzan di Dargah Surjit Paatar 2009 ▸ Mandra SL Bhyrappa 2010 ▸ Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum AA Manavalan 2011 ▸ Manalezhuthu Sugathakumari 2012 ▸ Dhool Paudho Par Govind Mishra 2013 ▸ Ramayana and Mahanveshanam Veerappa Moily 2014 ▸ Chitt-Chete Padma Sachdev 2015 ▸ Hawthan Mahabaleshwar Sail 2016 ▸ Vakhar Sitanshu Yashaschandra 2017 Orange Prize ▸ Half of a Yellow Sun Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 2007 ▸ The Road Home Rose Rose Tremain 2008 ▸ Home Marilynne Robinson 2009 ▸ The Lacuna Barbara Kingsolver 2010 ▸ Serious Men Manu Joseph 2010 ▸ The Sly Company of People Who Care Rahul Bhattacharya 2011 ▸ Home Boy HM Naqvi 2011 ▸ The Tiger's Wife Tea Obreht 2011 ▸ The Song of Achilles Maleline 2012 ▸ May We Be Forgiven AM Homes 2013 ▸ How to Be Both Ali Smith 2015 ▸ The Glorious Heresies Lisa Mcinerney 2016 ▸ The Power Naomi Alderman 2017 ▸ Home Fire Kamila Shamsie 2018
The United Nations (UN) is an international organisation, whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights and achievement of world peace. The United Nations Day is celebrated on 24th October each year. Presently, there are 193 member states of the United Nations.
There are six principle organs of the United Nations, they are 1. General Assembly 2. The Security Council 3. The Economic and Social Council 4. The Trusteeship Council 5. The International Court of Justice 6. The Secretariat
▸ It is also called as the town meeting of the world. ▸ The General Assembly meets at least once in a year and the session commences on the first Tuesday of September. ▸ It appoints the Secretary General of UN Secretariat on the recommendation of the Security Council. ▸ The presidency of the Assembly rotates each year among the five geographical groups of the countries viz Asia, African, Latin America, East European and West European and other states. ▸ Consist of all member states of the UN. ▸ Each member nation can send five delegates, but each nation has only one vote. ▸ The headquarters of General Assembly is at New York (US).
▸ The main aim of Security Council is the maintenance of the international peace and security. ▸ The Security Council originally consisted of eleven members, but increases to fifteen in 1965. ▸ Security Council comprises of five permanent members namely China, UK, Russia, France and USA and 10 non-permanent members, elected for a term of 2 years by a two-third majority of the General Assembly, five non- permanent members retire every year. Retiring members cannot be re-elected immediately. ▸ Permanent member have Veto Power, which can be cast against any decision supported by the majority members. ▸ The headquarters of Security Council is at New York (US).
▸ Its main aim is to promote social progress and better standards of life. ▸ ECOSOC comprises 54 members, 18 (one third) of whom are elected every year by the General Assembly of UN, to serve a 3-years term. The retiring members as well as the President are eligible for immediate re-elections. The headquarters of ECOSOC is at New York (US).
▸ The United Nations Trusteeship Council was established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. ▸ Trusteeship Council was formed in 1945. ▸ The headquarters of Trusteeship Council is at New York (US). ▸ The trusteeship council suspended operation on 1st November, 1994. With the independence of Polau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1st October, 1994.
▸ The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. ▸ Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by only authorised international organs, agencies and the UN General Assembly. The headquarters of ICJ is at Hague (Netherland). ▸ The ICJ was established in 1945. ▸ It consists of 15 judges. The judges of the court are elected by the General Assembly along with the Security Council for a 9-years term.
▸ The United Nations Secretariat is one of the principle organs of the United Nations, an inter governmental organisation charged with the promotion of aiding states to collectively maintain international peace and security. It serves as a forum for member-states to discuss and resolve pressing issues in the international field through primarily diplomatic resources. ▸ The Secretariat is composed of a Secretary General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. ▸ The Secretary General of the UN is elected for 5-years and eligible for re-election, although, none so far has held office for more than two terms.
Resignation/Retirement
Trygve Lie (1946-1952)
On November, 1952, resigned
Dag Hammarskjold (1953-1961)
Died in plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
U Thant (1961-1971)
Declined to consider a third term
Kurt Waldheim (1972-1981)
China voted against his third term
Javier Perez (1982-1991)
Refused to be considered for a third term
Boutros- Boutros Ghali (1992-1996)
The United States voted against his second term
Kofi Annan (1997-2006)
Retired after two full term
Ban ki- Moon (1st January, 2007-2016)
Antonio Guterres (1st January2017-Present)
Name of Agency - Estd in - Headquarters - Objective
Name of Agency
Estd in
Headquarters
Objective
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
1874
Bern, Switzerland
The UPU is a specialised agency of the United Nations that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system.
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
1919
Geneva
To improve conditions and living standard of workers.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Promotes international monetary cooperation.
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
To improve living conditions of rural population.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
1944
To provide funds from different sources, offers loans to middle income developing countries.
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
1946
To promote children's welfare all over the world.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
To promote collaboration among nations through education, science and culture.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
1865
Sets international regulations for radio telegraph, telephone and space radio communications.
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
Montreal, Canada
It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
World Health Organisation (WHO)
Attainment of highest possible level of health by all people.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
1957
To promote peaceful uses of atomic energy.
International Development Association (IDA)
An affiliate of the World Bank, aims to help under-developed countries raise living standards.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Helps developing countries increase the wealth producing capabilities of their natural and human resources.
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
Promotes international cooperation in human environment.
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
1995
Setting rules for world trade to reduce tariffs.
International Organisations and Groups
Red Cross Estd in 1863 (Geneva, Switzerland)
190
International Humanitarian Movement for relief of suffering in time of war/disaster.
International Olympic Committee (IOC) Estd in 1894 (Switzerland)
98
To promote the Olympic ideals and administer olympic games.
International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL) Estd in 1923 (Lyon, France)
To promote international cooperation among criminal police authorities.
The Commonwealth (London) formally estd by London Declaration 28th April, 1949
53
It was originally known as 'The British Commonwealth of Nations'. It is an association of sovereign and independent states which formally made up the British empire.
Arab League (AL) Estd in 1945 [Cairo (Egypt)] Syria suspended following the 2011 uprising
22
To promote economic, social, political and military cooperation.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) Estd in 1947 (Switzerland)
162
To promote the development of international standards.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Estd in 1949 (Brussels)
28
Mutual defence and cooperation
Colombo Plan Estd in 1950 (Sri Lanka)
27
To promote economic development in South and South-East Asia.
South-East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) Estd in 1954 (Bangkok)
8
To provide for collective and economic cooperation in South-East Asia.
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Estd in 1959 [Vienna (Austria)]
13
Attempts to set world prices by controlling oil production and also pursues member interest in trade and development.
World Wildlife Fund For Nature (WWF) Estd in 1961 (Switzerland)
–
To save the wildlife from extinction.
Amnesty International (AI) Estd in 1961 (London)
To keep a watch over human rights violation worldwide. Got Nobel Prize in 1977 for Peace.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Estd. in 1961
120
Political cooperation and establishment of separate identity from both USA and USSR (in the Cold-War era).
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Estd in 1961 (Paris, France)
34
To stimulate economic progress and world trade.
Group of Seventy Seven (G-77) Estd in 1964
134
To promote economic cooperation among developing nations.
European Union Formally estd by Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 [Brussels (Belgium)]
To create a United Europe in which member countries would have such strong economic and political bonds that war would cease to be a recurring fact.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Estd in 1966 (Manila)
67
To promote socio-economic development in Asia.
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Estd in 1967 (Jakarta)
Regional economic Social and cultural cooperatino among the non-communist countries of South-East Asia.
Group of 8 (G-8) on 24 March. 2014, Russia was suspended, due to association with crimean crises, 2014 summit took place in Brussels.
To promote Cooperation among major non-communist economic power.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Estd in 1969 (Saudi Arabia)
57
To promote Islamic solidarity among member states and to consolidate cooperation among members.
World Economic Forum (WEF) Estd in 1971 (Geneva) Annual meeting 2015- Davos, Switzerland
To improve the state of the world by engaging leaders in partnerships to shape global, regional and industry agendas.
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)Estd in 1981
It is a political and economic union of the Arab states.
Nordic Council Estd in 1952
Geo-political, inter-parliamentary forum for cooperation among Nordic countries.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Estd in 1985 (Kathmandu)
To promote economic, social and cultural cooperation in South Asia.
Group of 15 (G-15) Estd in 1989
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Estd in 1989 (Singapore)
To promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin.
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Estd in 1991 [Minsk (Belarus)]
To coordinate inter-common wealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR.
Sanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Estd in 1996 (Beijing, China)
To develop mutual cooperation.
Group of Twenty (G-20) Estd in 1999 2014 summit-Brisbane
For cooperation and consultation or matters pertaining to the International Financial System.
African Union OAU charter–1963 AU founded–2002
54
To accelerate the political and socio-economic integration of the continent.
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) First formal summit-Yekaterinburg, 2009
To improve the economical condition of the country.
Arctic Council Estd. in 1996
Try to keep Arctic area clean and safe.
BASIC Estd in 2009
To coordinate the policies of developing countries regarding climate change.
European Union
To create a United Europe in which member countries would have some strong economic and political bonds that war would lease to be a recurring fact.
Olympics ▸ The Olympic Games were held for the first time by the Greeks in 776 BC on Mount Olympus, in honour of the Greek God, Zeus. They were stopped by a royal order of the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 394. ▸ These games were revived in 1894 by the efforts of a French Baron Pierre de Coubertin and the first modern Olympic Games were started in Athens the capital of Greece on 6th April, 1896. Separate winter Olympic Games began in 1924. Women have been participating in the Olympics since 1912. ▸ The Olympic Games are organised after every 4-years. Founder and Governing Body ▸ In 1894, Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to govern the Olympic Movement (comprising International Sports Federations (ISF's), National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and Organising Committees for each specific games). ▸ IOC chooses the host city and the games to be contested organisation and funding is made by the host city. ▸ International Sports Federation (ISF) determines the qualification rules for each Olympic. ▸ The Head office of International Olympic Committee (IOC) is at Lausanne (Switzerland). Olympic Symbol ▸ It contains five rings or circles linked together to represent the sporting friendship of all people. Each ring is of a different colour i.e., blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are meant to represent five continents viz Africa (Black), America (Red), Asia (Yellow), Australia (Green) and Europe (Blue). Olympic Flag ▸ The Olympic Flag was created in 1913 at the suggestion of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. It was adopted in Paris in June, 1914, but it was raised over an Olympic stadium for the first time at the Antwerp games (Belgium) in 1920. There is also a second Olympic Flag, which is used for the Winter games. These flags are made of white silk and contain five interwined rings of the Olympic Emblem. ▸ From left to right the rings are Blue (Europe), Yellow (Asia), Black (Africa), Red (America) and Green (Australia). Atleast one of these colours is found on the flag of every country. ▸ The flag is 3 m long and 2 m wide. The emblem placed in the center is 2.06 m by 60 cm. Olympic Motto Olympic Motto 'Citius, Altius, Fortius' is the Latin motto meaning 'Faster, Higher and Stronger' composed by Father Didon in 1897. The motto was introduced in 1924 at the Olympic Games in Paris. Olympic Flame The Olympic flame symbolises the continuity between ancient and modern games. It was at the Amsterdam Games in 1928 that for the first time an Olympic flame was ceremonially lighted and burned in a giant torch at the entrance of the stadium. The modern version of the flame was adopted in 1936 at the Berlin Games.
Olympic champions are rewarded with medals and certificate. The winning athlete or sports persons receive a Gold Medal which, is 60 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick and is made of 92.5% silver plated with 6 gm of gold. OlympicMascot ▸ The Olympic Mascot(s) is/are a character, usually an animal native to the area or occasionally human figures, who represents the cultural heritage of the place, where the Olympic and Paraolympic Games are taking place. ▸ Since the 1968, Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France the Olympic Games have had a mascot. The first major mascot in the Olympic Games was Misha in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Olympic Gold Order ▸ It is presented by the International Olympic Committee for distinguished services in the development of the Olympic Movement. Olympics : Quick Digest ▸ 'Norman Pritchard' was the first Indian player to participate in Olympic (2nd Olympic Games in 1900) and won two Silver Medals in athletics. ▸ Marrie Lila Rao is 1st Indian woman participant in the Olympics after Independence. ▸ India officially participated in the Olympics for the first time in the Sixth Olympic Games (1920) at Antwerp Belgium. ▸ The Indian Olympic Association was established in 1927. Sir Dorabji Tata was its first President. ▸ Sonia Denoncourt (Canada) was the 1st woman referee in football in Atlanta Olympics.
The Winter Olympic Games are a major international sporting event that occours once every 4 years. Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The games were held every 4 years from 1924 until 1936, after which they were interrupted by World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every 4 years. Until 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate 4 year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the nextWinter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994. The last Olympic games were held in 2014 at Sochi, Russia. It is scheduled to be held in 2018 at Pyeongchang, South Korea. The 2018 winter olympic games were held in Pyeongchang County, South Korea. Norway topped the medal tally by winning 14 Gold, 14 Silver and 11 Bronze.
Venue
Athenes, Greece
Paris, France
1904
St Louis, France
Athenes, Greece (Games were not recognised by IOC)
1908
London, Great Britain
1912
Stockholm, Sweden
Games not held due to World War I
Antwerp, Belgium
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1932
Los Angeles, USA
1936
Berlin, Germany
Games not held due to World War II
Helsinki, Finland
Melbourne, Australia
Rome, Italy
Tokyo, Japan
Mexico City, Mexico
Munich, West Germany
Moscow, Russia
Seoul, South Korea
Barcelona, Spain
Atlanta, USA
Sydney, Australia
Beijing, China
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2020
Discipline Year Performance
Wrestling
KD Jadhav won Bronze Medal in men's 52-57 kg Freestyle
Sushil Kumar won Bronze Medal in men's 66 kg Freestyle
Sushil Kumar won Silver Medal in men's 66 kg Freestyle
Yogeshwar Dutt won Bronze Medal in men's 60 Kg Freestyle
Sakshi Malik won Bronze Medal in women's 58 Kg Freestyle
Hockey
Won Gold Medal
Won Silver Medal
Won Bronze Medal
Shooting
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore won Silver Medal in double trap
Abhinav Bindra won Gold Medal in Men's 10 m air rifle
Vijay Kumar won Silver Medal in 25 Rapid Fire Pistol
Gagan Narang won Bronze Medal in 10m Air Rifle
Athletics
Norman Pritchard won two Silver Medals in (200 m) and (200 m hurdle) events
Milkha Singh-fourth in 400 m final Zora Singh- eighth in 50 km walk
Gurbachan Singh Randhawa -fifth in 100 m hurdles (final)
Sriram Singh-seventh in 800 m final Shivnath Singh-eleventh in the marathon
Sriram Singh-Semifinalist in 800 m
PT Usha-fourth in 400 m hurdles
Football (Soccer)
Semi-finals
Tennis
Leander Paes won Bronze Medal in men's singles event
Weightlifting
Karnam Malleshwari won Bronze Medal in women's 69 kg category
Boxing
Vijender Singh won a Bronze Medal (75 kg)
Mary Kom won a Bronze Medal in Women's flyweight
Badminton
Saina Nehwal won a Bronze Medal in Women's singles
PV Sindhu won a Silver in women's singles
Javelin throw
Neerak Chopra won the gold in Tokyo Olympics.
Gymnastics
Dipa Karmakar 4th place in the vault Final.
Commonwealth Games ▸ The Commonwealth Games are a festival of sports of the Commonwealth countries. The first Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in New Delhi, India. ▸ Since 1930, the games have been conducted every 4-years except for 1942 and 1946. ▸ The Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) is the organisation, which is responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games. ▸ There are currently 53 members of the Commonwealth of Nations and 71 team participate in the games. ▸ 20th Commonwealth Games of 2014 were held in Glasgow (Scotland, UK). ▸ The 2018 commonwealth Games were held on the Gold coast, Queensland, Australia. Australia won the most gold medals, where as India ranked 3rd with 26 golds. Asian Games ▸ The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, are amultisport event held every 4-years among athletes from all over Asia. ▸ The games are regulated by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), under the supervision of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ▸ The first Asian Games were held in 1951 in New Delhi (India). The 2014 Asian Games were held in Incheon, South Korea. ▸ The AGF (Asian Games Federation) adopted 'Ever Onward', given by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru, as the motto of the Asian Games, which continues till today. ▸ The emblem is a bright full rising Sun with interlocking rings. The King of Patiala presented the Torch and the Flag for the first Asian Games and since then they have been carried from country to country. ▸ The Asian Games or Asiad 2018 were held in Jakarta-Palembang, Indonesia. India finished at 8th position with 15 Golds. South Asian Federation (SAF) Games ▸ Like the Commonwealth Games, the South Asian Federation (SAF) Games is a sports festival of South Asian countries. The governing body of these games is South Asian sports Council formed in 1983. ▸ The first South Asian Federation Games were held at Kathmandu (Nepal) in 1984. SAF Games, 2016 were held in India. ▸ The eight participating countries are India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Maldives. The games form a part of the SAARC programme. The motto of the SAF Games is 'peace, prosperity and progress'. ▸ No SAF Game were staged in 1986 as it was the year of commonwealth and Asian Games. The SAF Games have been rechristened South Asian Games on 2nd April, 2004. Afghanistan joined the games in 2006. Afro-Asian Games ▸ The first-ever Afro-Asian Games were held in 2003 at Hyderabad (India). 2007 in Algiers (Cancelled). ▸ The official mascot of the 2003 games was 'Sheroo' (a cartoon representation of the Royal Bengal Tiger) and the message was 'two continents-one spirit'. Cricket ▸ The first Cricket World Cup was organised in England in 1975. A separate women's Cricket World Cup has been held every 4-years since 1973. ▸ The Cricket World Cup Tournament is organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). The ICC was founded in 1909 and its headquarters is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. ▸ In 1877, the first Cricket Test Match was played in Melbourne between England and Australia. ▸ The first One Day International Cricket Match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in Melbourne. ▸ The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was formed in 1927.
Important Facts
Administrator
International CricketCouncil
Format
Women’s ODI
First tournament
1973, England
Last tournament
2013, India
Next tournament
2017, England
Current champion Australia
Most successful
Australia (6 titles)
Most runs
Debbie Hockley (1501)
Won
1975
Lord's, England
West Indies beat Australia
1979
West Indies beat England
India beat West Indies
1987
Kolkata, India
Australia beat England
1992
Melbourne, (Australia)
Pakistan beat England
1996
Lahore, Pakistan
Sri Lanka beat Australia
1999
Australia beat Pakistan
2003
Johannesburg, South Africa
Australia beat India
2007
Bridgetown, West Indies
Australia beat Sri Lanka
2011
Mumbai, India
India beat Sri Lanka
2015
Australia/New Zealand
Australia beat New Zealand
2019
England and Wales
Englnad beat New Zealand
The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of women's One Day International Cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was originally administered by the International Women's Cricket Council until the two associations merged in 2005. The first tournament was held in England in 1973, 2-years before the firstmen's tournament.
1982
England
1997
2021
▸ It is organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It is held every 2-years. ICC Twenty-20 Cricket World Cup Year Host Nations Final Venue Winner Runner-up
Host Nations
Final Venue
Winner
Runner-up
Johannesburg
Lord’s, London
West Indies
R Premdasa Stadium, Colombo
Sher-e Bangla Cricket Stadium, Dhaka
Eden Garden Kolkata, India
WestIndies
Women's Twenty-20 Cricket ▸ Women's Twenty-20 cricket is the newly emerging use of the Twenty-20 match format in women's cricket. While both women's cricket and Twenty-20 have themselves enjoyed recent success, women's Twenty-20 has only been an international cricket game format since 2004. In June, 2009, the ICC held the first Women's World Twenty-20 in England, the hosts became the first World Twenty-20 champion. ▸ Australia won their third consecutive tittle in Women's World Twenty-20 after defeating England. ▸ In 2016, West Indies won the T-20 Women's World Cup after defeating Australia. ▸ The 2018 ICC women's world Twenty 20, was hosted in the west Indies from 9 to 24 November 2018. Women team of Australia captured the world T20 2018 title.
Football World Cup ▸ The Football World Cup is organised by FIFA (Federation of International Football Association). ▸ The headquarters of FIFA is located in Zurich, Switzerland. ▸ The World Cup is called 'Jules Rimet Cup' named after the name of FIFA President Jules Rimet. ▸ The first FootballWorld Cup was organised in Uruguay in 1930. ▸ In 1942 and 1946, the Football World Cup was not played because of theWorldWar II. ▸ Brazil is the only nation to have participated in every World Cup so far. ▸ 20th FIFA World Cup 2014 held in Brazil. Germany defeated Argentina in the final. FIFA appointed Russia as host for 2018 World Cup and Qatar for 2022 World Cup. Hockey World Cup ▸ The Hockey World Cup is organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH) once in 4-years. The headquarters of FIH is located in Lausanne, Switzerland. The first Hockey World Cup was organised in Barcelona (Spain) in 1971 and winner is Pakistan. Women's Hockey World Cup has been held since 1974. ▸ The 2010 Hockey World Cup was held in New Delhi and winner was Australia. ▸ The 13th Hockey World Cup (men's and women's edition both) were held in Hague (Netherlands) in 2014. Australia won the men's tournament after defeating Netherland. Netherland won the women's tournament after defeating Australia. ▸ The 14th Hockey World Cup was held at kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneshwar India in 2018.
Lawn Tennis ▸ It was invented in 1870 by Major Wing Field in Wales. Wimbledon championship started in 1877 for men only. For women it was introduced in 1884. ▸ The four Grand Slam tournaments are considered to be the most prestigious tennis tournaments in the world. They are held annually and include, in chronological order, the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. Apart from the Olympic Games, Davis Cup, Fed Cup and Hopman Cup, they are the only tournaments regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). ▸ The Association of Tennis Professionals or ATP was formed to protect the interests of male professional tennis players is now known as the ATP World Tour.
Tournament Date - Location - Surface - First Held
Tournament
Date
Surface
First Held
Australian Open
January
Melbourne
Hard (Plexicushion)
French Open
May-June
Wimbledon
June-July
Grass
1877
US Open
August-September
New York City
Hard (Decco Turf)
1881
Table Tennis was introduced in the Olympic Games in 1988 at Seoul (South Korea).
Cue sports also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls, moving them around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded rubber cushions.
Polo (Chowgan) is a team sport played on horseback, in which the objectives is to score goals against an opposing team. Sometimes called, 'The sport of kings' it was highly popularised by the British. It is not an Olympic sport.
Wrestling is a form of combat sport involving grappling types techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and take downs, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds.
▸ Formula one, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Federation International Automobile (FIA). ▸ It was started in 1950. ▸ The first Formula One World Championship was won by Italian Giuseppe Farina in Alfa Romeo in 1950. The first F1 race in India was held at the Buddha International Circuit in Greater Noida, UP (2011).
The modern name in 1873 of Badminton came from the Badminton House, the International Badminton Fedration was establisment in 1934, the new name is BadmintonWorld Federation.
▸ The Tour de France tournament is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than 3600 km and last three weeks. This is organised every year in month of July. ▸ The 2002 Summer Olympics will be the first, at which men and women complete in the some number of events in all cycling disciplines.
▸ Swimming is a water based sport governed by the Federation Internationals de Natation (FINA) and is formed in 1908. FINA is the International Federation (IF) recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for administering international competition in the aquatic sports. ▸ Its headquarters is at Lausanne, Switzerland.
▸ Shooting sports have been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic Movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics except at the 1904 and 1928 editions.
The marathon is a long-distance runing event with on official distance of 42.195 km (26 miles and 385 yards), that is usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek Soldier Phedippiddes, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens.
Sport - Name of Playing Area
Sport
Name of Playing Area
Court
Golf
Link, Green
Baseball
Lawn Tennis
Ring
Ice Skating
Rink
Cricket
Pitch*
Ring, Arena
Sport Terms
Basketball
Dunk, front court, lay up, held ball, pivot, rebound, steal
Bye, draw, googly, topspin, over throw, duck, hit wicket
Football
Bend dribble, dissent, dummy, feint, free kick, header, red card, throwins
Bully, striking, circle, post back
Chess
Castle, diagonaes, files, pawns, peices, promote, gambit, pawn
Jab, laying on knock, second out habbit punch, upper cut
Loab, let, drive, drop, love
Polo
Chuker, bunker
Diamond, home run, put out, strike, ant-rubber.
Rifle Shooting
Target, muzzle fulb, bulls eye
Half, nelson, hold sager, rebuts
Fore some, stymie, T, put hole, caddy, nib lick, iron, the green, bunkeer
Billiards
Jigger, pot, break pot, in off, cans, bolting, long, hazard, cue
Swimming
Breast stroke, twist, butterfly, crawl, spring board
Volley Ball
Antennae, attack hit, libero, service, set-up, blocking, dribbling
Advantage, ace, dence, volley, foot foult, smash, grand-slam, slice, love
Table Tennis
End line, flat hit, foil, service, phnholder grip, reverse, top-spin, couter-hitting, let
Irani Trophy, Dilip Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Asia Cup, Deodhar Trophy, CK Naidu Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Gandhi-Mendela Series, the Ashes Series, etc
Durand Cup, Nizam Gold Cup, Rovers Cup, Sanjay Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Vittal Trophy, Nehru Gold Cup
Agha Khan Cup, Azlan Shah Cup, Nehru Trophy, Dhyanchand Trophy, Beighton Cup, Scindia Gold Cup, Modi Gold Cup, Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, Rangaswami Cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Cup
Canada Cup, Muthian Gold Cup, Ryder Cup, Walker Cup
Corbillion Cup (women), Jayalaxmi Cup (women), Swaythling Cup (men)
Davis Cup, Hamlet Cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open, Hopman Cup
Thomas Cup (men), Uber Cup (women), Narang Cup, All England Open
Aspy Adjania Trophy
Rowing
Wollington Trophy
Ruia Trophy
Ezra Cup, Winchestor Cup, Radha Mohan Cup
Sports Organisations
FIDE
Federation International Des Echecs (World Chess Federation)
FIFA
Federation International de Football Association
IHF
Indian Hockey Federation
ICC
International Cricket Council
ITTF
International Table Tennis Federation
BWF
Badminton World Federation
Cricket Ball 155.9 gm to 163 gm in weight Bat 96.5 cm in length and 10.8 cm width (Maximum) Pitch 20.12 m Length of the Stumps 71.1 cm (28 inch) Length of the Crease 1.22-1.83 (4 ft)
Football Field 100 × 64 m to 110 × 75 m
Hockey Field 100 yards × 60 yards Weight of the Ball 155-163 gm Colour of the Ball White Weight of Hockey Stick 280 gm
Lawn Tennis Court 23.77 m × 8.23 m (Singles) Ball 6.35 cm to 6.67 cm (in diameter) 56.7 gm to 2.53 gm (Weight)
Volley Ball Field 18 m × 9 m Net 1 m deep and 9.50 m long 2.43 m (for men) and 2.24 m for women (Height) Ball Circumference 66 cm + 1 cm Weight 270 gm + 10 gm
Badminton Court 13.40 m × 5.18 m or 44 × 20 ft. Net Top 1.524 m in height from the floor Shuttle 4.73 to 5.50 gm in weight and shall have 14 to 16 feathers fixed in Court
Kabaddi Field 13 m × 10 m (According to Kabaddi Federation of India) Kho-Kho Field 34 × 16 m
Derby Course Length 1.5 miles
Marathon Race Length 26 miles, 385 yards
Polo Field Length 300 yards Field Width 150 yards Distance between the Goals 250 yards Distance between the Goal post 8 yards
Chess 64 Squares on chessboard Colour Black and White Nos. of same colour chess 16
Baseball Distance of each case 90 ft Base distance along with hypotenuse 127 ft
Boxing Length and Width of the Ring 4.9 × 4.9m2 to 6.1 × 6.1m2
Players Game Country Jhansher Khan Squash Pakistan Jaspal Rana Shooting India Geet Sethi Billiards India Ian James Thorpe Swimming Australia Anju B George Long Jump India Michael J Jordan Basket Ball USA Pankaj Arjan Advani Snooker India Saina Nehwal Badminton India Surya Sekhar Ganguly Chess India Shikha Tandon Swimming India Ignace Tirkey Hockey India Players Game Country Soma Biswas Athletics India Arjun Singh Atwal Golf India Narayan Karthikeyan Formula One India Tiger Woods Golf USA Andi Murray Tennis Scotland Kim Clijster Tennis Belgium Caroline Wozniaciki Tennis Den Mark Victoria Anzarenka Tennis Belarush Sania Mirza Tennis India
Stadium Sports Place
Sports
Brookland
England (UK)
Twickenham
Rugby Football
Putney Mart Lake
Boat Race
Yankee Stadium
Brooklyn
Forest Hill
Sendy Lodge
Scotland
Flemington
Horse Racing
Melbourne (Australia)
Headingley Manchester
Lords, Oval, Leeds
Black Heath
Wembley Stadium
Shivaji Stadium
National Stadium
Hockey and others
Wankhede Stadium
Brabourne Stadium
Eden Garden
Green Park Stadium
Keenan Stadium
Trent Bridge
White City
Dog race
Hurlington
Henlay Regatta
Regata
Brisbance, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Indraprastha Stadium
Indoor Games
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Ferozeshah Kotla Ground
Ambedkar Stadium
Nehru, Chepauk Stadium
Barabati Stadium
Aintree, Doncaster Epsom
Jhansher Khan
Squash
Pakistan
Jaspal Rana
Geet Sethi
Ian James Thorpe
Anju B George
Long Jump India
Michael J Jordan
Basket Ball USA
Pankaj Arjan Advani
Snooker
Saina Nehwal
Surya Sekhar Ganguly
Shikha Tandon
Ignace Tirkey
Soma Biswas
Arjun Singh Atwal
Narayan Karthikeyan
Formula One
Tiger Woods
Andi Murray
Kim Clijster
Caroline Wozniaciki
Den Mark
Victoria Anzarenka
Belarush
Major Dhyanchand
Hockey ka Jadoogar
Milkha Singh
Flying Sikh
PT Usha
Payyoli Express, Golden Girl
Shoaib Aktar
Rawalpindi Express
Rahul Dravid
The Wall
Harbhajan Singh
Bhajji, The Turbanator
Javagal Srinath
Mysore Express
Paes and Bhupati
Indian Express
Hima Das
Dhing Express
Player
Book
Balvir Singh
Golden Hatrick
Viswanathan
My Best Game of
David Beckham
My Side
Goal
Sunil Gavaskar
Sunny Days, Idols
How I Paly Golf
Kapil Dev
Cricket My Style
Playing It My Way
Yuvraj Singh
The Test of My Life
VV S Laxman
281 and Beyond
The National Games of India is a sporting event held in India. It comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different states of India participate against each other. It was in 1924, in erstwhile Punjab, that the Indian chapter of the Olympic movement was born. The same year, the country's first Olympic Games, now christened as National Games, were organised in Lahore, the then capital of undivided Punjab. National Games are held once in 2 years, But took Guwahati 5 years to conduct the games after the National Games in 2002 are organised in Andhra Pradesh.
1985
19-26November
Cannanore, Calicut,
20-28
Trichur, Quiton &Allepey
December
Mumbai & Pune
16-25January
Bengaluru and
31 May-
Mysura
11 June
14-25 Feb Manipur
Ludhiana, Patiala,
19 Nov-
Punjab
Jalandhar,Chandigarh, Anandpur Sabih, Mohali
1 Dec
Hyderabad,
13-22 Dec Andhra
Secunderabad,Visakhapatnam
9-18 Feb
Services
Ranchi, Jamshedpur & Dhanbad
12-26 Feb
31 Jan-
, Kollam, Alapuzha,Ennabulam,Kozhikode, Thrissur,Kannur
14 Feb
November Goa
November
Assamese
It is an Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of Assam.
It is one of the leading Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of West Bengal.
Gujarati
It is an Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of Gujarat.
The largest spoken Indo-Aryan language. It is the official language of the Government of India. Various dialects of Hindi are Khariboli, Brajbhasha, Bundeli, Awadhi, Marwari, Maithili and Bhojpuri. In 6 states and UTs, Hindi is the official language.
Kannada
It belongs to the Dravidian family and is the official language of Karnataka.
Kashmiri
It is an Indo-Aryan language. It is often mistaken as the official language of Jammu and Kashmir.
Konkani
It is the official language of Goa and is spoken by thousands of Konkanis in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. It was added in 1992 by 71st Amendment. It is an Indo-Aryan language.
Malayalam
Belong to the Dravidian family and is the official language of Kerala.
Manipuri
It is the official language of Manipur. It was added in 1992 by 71st Amendment. It is a sino-Tibetan language.
Marathi
It is an Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of Maharashtra.
Nepali
It is spoken in parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, etc. It was added in 1992 by 71st Amendment. It is an Indo-Aryan language.
Oriya
It is an Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of Odisha.
It is an Indo-Aryan language and is the official language of Punjab.
Sanskrit
It is one of the earliest languages of the world. Early Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit and covers the period between 2000 and 500 BC.
Sindhi
It is an Indo-Aryan language. It was added in 1967 by 21st Amendment.
It is the oldest of the Dravidian languages and is the official language of Tamil Nadu.
Telugu
It is numerically the biggest of the Dravidian languages and is the official language of Andhra Pradesh.
It is the official language of Jammu and Kashmir. It is an Indo-Aryan language. Modern Urdu developed due to the efforts of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan (1817-1898).
Dogri
It is generally spoken in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu. It is a combination of ancient Sanskrit and Pahari Dogri languages. It has been added by the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
Maithili
It is chiefly spoken in the Maithilianchal region of Bihar. It is the second state language of Bihar. It has been added by the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
Santhali
It is chiefly spoken in the area of Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand and Bihar. It has been added by the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
Bodo
It is chiefly spoken in Assam and its adjoining North-East States. It has been added by the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003. It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages.
Emblem The National Emblem of India is an adaptation of the Buddhist Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Animal The Tiger is the National Animal of India. It is the symbol of India's wealth of wildlife. The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, is a striped animal. Bird The Peacock (Pavo cristatus), is the National Bird of India. It is symbol of qualities like beauty and grace. Flag The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesari) at the top, white in the middle, dark green at the bottom and a blue wheel (chakra) with 24 sticks at the centre. Fruit The Mango (Mangiferra indica) is the National Fruit. It has been cultivated in India since time immemorial. Tree The National Tree of India is The Banyan (Ficus bengalensis) Tree. This huge tree towers over its neighbours and has the widest trunk. Sport Field Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic medals, is considered as the National Sport. However, Home Ministry has said that officially, no sport has been accorded, the status of National Sport. Anthem Jana-Gana-Mana…. The song was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, adopted in its Hindi version is our National Anthem. Song VandeMataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, is our National Song. Calendar The National Calendar based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22nd March, 1957. Flower Lotus scientifically known as Nelumbo nucifera is the National Flower of India
National Sentence
Satyamev Jayate
National Language
Hindi in Devnagiri Script
Father of the Nation
National Foreign Policy
Non-Alignment
National Information Letter
White Letter
National Currency
Rupee (`)
– Republic Day (26th January)– Independence Day (15th August)– Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October)
National River
National Aquatic Animal
Ganga Dolphin (Platanista gangetica)
National Heritage Animal
Indian Army Commands
Command
HQ Location
Central Command
Eastern Command
Northern Command
Udhampur
Southern Command
SW Command
Western Command
Chandimandir
Training Command (ARTRAC)
Indian Air Force Commands
Central Air Command
Eastern Air Command
Southern Air Command
Thiruvanan-thapuram
South Western AirCommand
Gandhi Nagar
Western Air Command
Training Command
Indian Navy Commands
Western Naval Command
Eastern Naval Command
Southern Naval Command
Indian Defence Training Institutions
Training Institution
Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC)
Army Cadet College (ACC)
Indian Military Academy (IMA)
High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS)
National Defence Academy (NDA)
Khadakwasla
National Defence College (NDC)
Officers Training Academy (OTA)
1963
Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School
Vairengte (Mizoram)
1970
College of Defence Management
College of Combat/Army War College
Mhow (MP)
Army Air Defence College (AADC)
Gopalpur (Odisha)
Army School of Physical Training (ASPT)
Army
Air Force
Navy
Field Marshal
Marshal of the IAF
Admiral of the Fleet
General
Air Chief Marshal
Admiral
Lt General
Air Marshal
Vice Admiral
Major General
Air Vice Marshal
Rear Admiral
Brigadier
Air Commodore
Commodore
Colonel
Group Captain
Captain
Lt Colonel
Wing Commander
Commander
Major
Squadron Leader
Lt Commander
Flight Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Flying Officer
Sub-Lieutenant
Paramilitary and Reserve Forces
Assam Rifles (AR)
It was established in 1835 called Cachar Levy. It is the oldest paramilitary force in the country.
Its main objective is to keep vigilance of international borders in North-East and countering insurgency operations in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland.
Intelligence Bureau (IB)
It was set-up in 1920. Its objective is to collect secret information relating to country's security.
It was originally set-up as Central Special Branch (CSB) in 1887 and renamed IB in 1920.
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
It was set-up in 1939. Its main objective is to assist the State/Union Territory Police in maintenance of law and order.
National Cadet Corps (NCC)
It was established in 1948. Its main objective is to stimulate interest among the youth in the defence of the country in order to build up a reserve manpower to expand armed forces.
Territorial Army (TA)
It was established in 1948. It is a voluntary, part-time force (between 18 and 42 years), not of professional soldiers, but civilians, who wish to assist in defence of the country.
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
It was established in 1962, after the Chinese attack. It is basically employed in the Northern borders for monitoring the borders and also to stop smuggling and illegal immigration.
Home Guard
It was established in 1962, to assist the police in maintaining security, to help defence forces and to help local authorities in case of any eventuality.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
It was established in 1941 and renamed CBI on 1963. Its objective is to investigate cases of misconduct by public servants, cases of cheating, embezzlement and fraud.
CBI is also entrusted with the investigation of international crime cases in collaboration with Interpol.
Border Security Force (BSF)
It was established in 1965. It keeps a vigil over the international borders against the intrusion in the country.
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
It was set-up in 1969 after the recommendations of Justice B Mukherji. Its objective is to monitor the industrial complexes of Central Government.
Indian Coast Guard
It was set-up in 1978. Its objective is to protect the maritime and other national interests in the maritime zones of India.
National Security Guards (NSG)
It was established in 1984 to counter the surge of militancy in the country. It is a highly trained force which deals with the militants effectively.
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
It was established in 1986. Its objective is to collect crime statistics at the national level, information of inter-state and international criminals to help investigation agencies.
Rapid Action Force (RAF)
It was established in 1991. Under the operational command of CRPF, 10 battalions of the CRPF have been reoriented for tackling communal riots in the country.
(DRDO) It is an agency of the Republic of India, responsible for the development of technology for use by the military, headquartered in New Delhi, India. It was formed in 1958, by the merger of Technical Development Establishment and the Directorate of Technical Development and Production with the Defence Science Organisation.
(IGMDP) The IGMDP was launched in 1983, for the development of a comprehensive range of missiles including the intermediate range, Agni Missile (surface-to-surface) and short range missiles such as the Prithvi Ballistic Missile (surface-to-surface), Akash Missile (surface-to-air), Astra Missile (air-to-air), Trishul Missile (surface-to-air) and Nag Missile (anti-tank).
Agni-I
It is a medium-range ballistic missile with a range of 700-800 km.
Agni-II
It is an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a range of 2000-3000 km.
Agni-III
It is an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a range of 3000-5000 km.
Agni-IV
It is an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a range of at a distance upto 4000 km.
Agni-V
It is an intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 5000-8000 km.
Prithvi
Prithvi is a tactical surface-to-surface Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM). It has three versions.
Prithvi-I (SS-150)
Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1000 kg).
Prithvi-II (SS-250)
Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500 kg).
Prithvi-III (SS-350)
Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 1000 kg).
Dhanush (SS-350)
Dhanush is reportedly a naval version of Prithvi-III, which can be launched from ships. It can carry 500 kg of conventional or nuclear warhead, to a distance of 600 km.
Astra
Astra is Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile. Astra is designed to be capable of engaging targets at varying range and altitudes allowing for both short-range targets (upto 20 km) and long-range targets (upto 80 km) using alternative propulsion modes.
Akash
Akash is a medium range surface-to-air missile defence system developed by DRDO and BEL as part of the IGMDP. The missile can target aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes of 18000 m. Akash can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms. Akash is said to be capable of both conventional and nuclear warheads, with a reported payload of 60 kg.
Trishul
Trishul is a short range surface-to-air missile. The range of the missile is 12 km and is fitted with a 15 kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130 kg.
Nag
Nag is India's third generation 'Fire-and-Forget' anti-tank missile. It is an all weather, top attack missile with a range of 3 to 7 km.
Sagarika
K-15 Sagarika is a nuclear-capable submarine launched ballistic missile with a range of 750 km. It belongs to the K Missile family. The latest test of the K-15 Missile was done on 11th March, 2012.
Agni VI
It is an intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 8000-12000 km.
Brahmos
Brahmos is a stealth supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between Republic of India's DRDO and Russian Federation’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya, who have together formed Brahmos Aerospace Private Limited.
It is the world's fastest cruise missile in operation. The missile travels at a speed of mach 2.8 to 3.0. It has a range of 290 km. It can carry 300 kg of conventional or nuclear warhead.
It is a hypersonic cruise missile with a range of 290 km. It is under development.
Shaurya
The Shaurya Missile is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed by DRDO for use by the Indian Army capable of hypersonic speeds, it has a range of 600 km and is capable of carrying a payload of one-tonne conventional or nuclear warhead.
Shaurya Missile is a land version of the under-water launched K-15 Missile, Sagarika.
Indian Military Aircrafts Aircraft Origin
Type
Versions
II-76 Phalcon
Airborne Early Warning
II-76
Sukhoi Su-30 MKI
Russia, India
Multirole Air Superiority Fighter
Su-30 MKI
Antonov An-32 Cline
Soviet Union
Cargo Aircraft
An-32
HAL Tejas
Fighter
Mark I
SEPECAT Jaguar
France, United Kingdom
Ground-Attack
SI
Mikoyan-Gurevich Mig-27
MIG-27 ML
Mil Mi-35 Hind-E
Attack Helicopter
Mi-35
Mi-17
Transport Helicopter
HAL Dhruv
Utility Helicopter
Dhruv
Nishant
India (DRDO)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
HTT40
India (HAL)
Replacement of HPT-32
Indian Military Radars Naval ▸ Super Vision-2000 3D airborne naval surveillance radar. ▸ Revathi 3D Naval medium range radar derived from the 3D CAR. Land-based and Airborne ▸ Swordfish Long Range Tracking Radar. ▸ INDRA series of 2D radars, low level radar to search and track low flying cruise missiles, helicopters and aircraft for the Indian Army. ▸ BFSR-SR 2D short range battlefield surveillance radar for the Indian Army. ▸ Rajendra Radar 3D medium range fire control radar for Akash SAM. ▸ Central Acquisition Radar (3D-CAR) planar array tracking radar for all branches of the Indian armed forces. Air force version known as the Rohini Naval Version known as Revathi. ▸ 3D AESA Long Range Tracking Radar tracking high speed ballistic missile targets. ▸ Low Level Lightweight Radar (LLLR) 2D low level aircraft tracking radar. ▸ Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI) 30 MHz radar system for Ionospheric, meteor and space weather research.
Arjun MBT mk-1
Main Battle Tank
T-90 S 'Bhishma'/T-90 M
T-72 M1 'Ajeya'
T-55
BMP-2 'Sarath'
Infantry Fighting Vehicle
BMP-1
NAMICA (Nag Missile Carrier)
Tank Destroyer
CMT (Carrier Mortar Tracked)
Mortar Carrier
FV 432
Armoured Personnel Carrier
United Kingdom
OT-64 SKOT
Czechoslovakia, Poland
BRDM-2
Reconnaissance Vehicle
Ferret
PRP-3
Battlefield Surveillance System
Dornier Do 228
Utility Transport
Do 228-101 Do 228-201
HAL HJT-16 Kiran
Trainer
Aerospatiale SA 316 Alouette III
SA 316 B SA 319
HAL HPT-32 Deepak
Basic Trainer
Kamov Ka-31 Helix-B
AEW (Airborne Early Warning)
Tupolev Tu-142 Bear
Maritime Patrol
Tu-142 M
Ilyushin II-38 May
II-38 SD
Mikoyan MiG-29 K
Multi-Role Fighter Trainer
MiG-29 K, MiG-29 KUB
Kamov Ka-25 Hormone
Naval Helicopter
Kamov Ka-28 Helix-A
Anti Submarine Naval Helicopter
BAE Sea Harrier
Fighter Trainer
FRS 51 T4
Westland Sea King
Anti-Submarine Warfare Search and Rescue, Utility Transport
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
Anti-Submarine Warfare Utility Helicopter
UH-3 H
INS Shakti
It was India’s first indigenously built submarine. The ship is one of the largest in the Indian Navy as it is 175 m in length and 32 m in width. It is a Deepak-class fleet tanker.
INS Chakra
The INS Chakra II (K-152 Nerpa) is a 8140 tonne project 518 (NATO Akula II) type nuclear-powered attack submarine. Constituted in 1993, but suspended due to lack of funding. K-152 Nerpa was launched in October 2008 and entered service with the Russian Navy in late 2009. The submarine was leased to the Indian Navy in 2011 and was formally commissioned into service as the INS Chakra II at a ceremony in Vishakhapatnam on 4th April, 2012.
INS Arihant
It is a class of nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines. It is India's first indigenously designed and built nuclear submarine. It is currently under sea-trial.
INS Kalvari
It is the first of Indian Navy's six Kalvari class sub-marine being build in India. It is a diesal-electric attack sub-marine, which is designed by French naval defence and energy company DCNS and being manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.
INS Arighat
It is the second Arihant-class submarine and the second nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine being built by India. It was launched on 19th November, 2017.
INS Khanderi
It is the second of the Indian Navy's six Kalvari-class submarines being built in India. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine. It was launched on 12th January, 2017.
INS Karanj
Third submarine of the first batch of six kalvari class submarine. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine, that was launched on 31th January, 2018.
INS Vikrant
The first Aircraft carrier of Indian Navy was INS Vikrant. India purchased the INS Vikrant from the United Kingdom in 1957.
INS Viraat
INS Viraat is a centaur class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Indian Navy. The Viraat was completed and commissioned in 1959, as the Royal Navy's HMS Hermes and transferred to India in 1987.
INS Prahar
It is world’s fastest missile ship commissioned in 1997. It is a veer-class Corvette.
INS Delhi
It is India’s largest and most sophisticated indigenously built warship. It was launched in 1991 at Mazgaon Docks and Commissioned in 1997. It is the leadship of her class of guided Missile destroyers.
INS Mysore
It is a Delhi class guided missile destroyer currently in active service with the Indian Navy. INS Mysore was built at Mazgaon Dock Limited in Mumbai and it was commissioned in 1999.
INS Prabal
It is a veer class corvette, currently in active service with the Indian Navy. It was built at Mazgaon Dock Limited and Commissioned in 2002.
INS Talwar
It is the leadship of the Talwar class frigates of the Indian Navy. Its name means 'Sword' in English. It was built in Russia and commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2003.
INS Beas
It is a Brahmaputra class frigate of the Indian Navy. It was built at the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Kolkata, and it was commissioned in 2005.
INS Kadamba
It is India’s largest naval base located near Karwar in Karnataka. It was commissioned in 2005, under the project Seabird.
INS Vikramaditya
It is India's biggest ship, aircraft carrier. It was acquired from Russia. It entered into Service with the Indian Navy in 2013.
INS Kolkata
It is the lead ship of the Kolkata class guided missile destroyers of Indian Navy. It was handed over to the Navy on 10th July, 2014.
INS Visakhapatnam
It is the lead ship of the Visakhapatnam–class stealth guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy.
It is being constructed at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) and has been launched on 20th April, 2015. The ship is expected to get commissioned by 2018.
INS Kavaratti
It is an anti-submarine warfare corvette of the Indian Navy.
It is the last of four komodo class corvettes under various stages of induction with the Indian Navy.
The ship was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata and launched on 19th May, 2015.
INS Kochi Start
It is the second ship of the Kolkata–class destroyers built for the Indian Navy.
It is built at Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai. She was commissioned to Indian Navy on 30th September, 2015.
It has been built under the code name of project 15 Alpha.
INS Vikrant ▸ The first Aircraft carrier of Indian Navy was INS Vikrant. ▸ India purchased the INS Vikrant from the United Kingdom in 1957. INS Viraat ▸ INS Viraat is a centaur class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Indian Navy. ▸ The Viraat was completed and commissioned in 1959, as the Royal Navy's HMS Hermes and transferred to India in 1987. INS Prahar ▸ It is world’s fastest missile ship commissioned in 1997. It is a veer-class Corvette. INS Delhi ▸ It is India’s largest and most sophisticated indigenously built warship. ▸ It was launched in 1991 at Mazgaon Docks and Commissioned in 1997. ▸ It is the leadship of her class of guided Missile destroyers. INS Mysore ▸ It is a Delhi class guided missile destroyer currently in active service with the Indian Navy. INS Mysore was built at Mazgaon Dock Limited in Mumbai and it was commissioned in 1999. INS Prabal ▸ It is a veer class corvette, currently in active service with the Indian Navy. ▸ It was built at Mazgaon Dock Limited and Commissioned in 2002. INS Talwar ▸ It is the leadship of the Talwar class frigates of the Indian Navy. ▸ Its name means 'Sword' in English. ▸ It was built in Russia and commissioned into the Indian Navy in 2003. INS Beas ▸ It is a Brahmaputra class frigate of the Indian Navy. ▸ It was built at the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Kolkata, and it was commissioned in 2005. INS Kadamba ▸ It is India’s largest naval base located near Karwar in Karnataka. ▸ It was commissioned in 2005 , under the project Seabird. INS Vikramaditya ▸ It is India's biggest ship, aircraft carrier. ▸ It was acquired from Russia. ▸ It entered into Service with the Indian Navy in 2013. INS Kolkata ▸ It is the lead ship of the Kolkata class guidedmissile destroyers of Indian Navy. ▸ It was handed over to the Navy on 10th July, 2014.
India's atomic energy research started with the establishment of the Atomic Energy Commission on 10th August, 1948. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was established in 1954, for implementation of atomic energy programmes.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) It was set up in 1954, as the Atomic Energy establishment at Trombay, near Mumbai and in 1967, was renamed as BARC in the memory of its founder Dr Homi Bhabha. It is the premier national centre for Research and Development (R & D) work in nuclear energy and related disciplines. At present, BARC houses three research reactors 1. Apsara, a one MW Swimming pool type reactor. 2. Cirus, a 40 MW reactor. 3. Dhruva, a 100 MW high power nuclear research reactor. Earlier, there were two more research reactors at BARC 1. Zerliana (zero energy, natural uranium) 2. Purnima I-III (fuel: plutonium/ uranium-233) The centre has built two Synchrotron Radiation Sources (SRSs) called Indus I and Indus II and developed versatile lasers for various applications. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) It was set-up in 1971, at Kalpakkam in Chennai for research and development of fast breeder technology. IGCAR designed Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), which uses indigenous mixed fuel with a plutonium and natural uranium base. IGCAR also developed the country's first neutron reactor, Kamini, which is a 30 MW reactor and uses uranium fuel. Atomic Mineral Directorate (AMD) It is located in Hyderabad and carries out surveys, exploration and evaluation of the resources required for the atomic energy programmes of the country. Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) It was set-up in 1977, at Kolkata as a national centre for advanced work in nuclear chemistry, nuclear physics, production of isotopes for various applications and radiation damage studies on reactor materials. Centre for Advance Technology (CAT) It was established in 1984, at Indore to coordinate research in high technology fields like lasers, fusion and accelerators.
Location State Number of Reactors
I. Functional 1. Tarapur Maharashtra 4 2. Kaiga Karnataka 4 3. Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu 2 4. Kakrapar Gujarat 2 5. Rawatbhata Rajasthan 6 6. Narora Uttar Pradesh 2 7. Kudankulan Tamil Nadu 1 II. Under Construction 1. Kudankulam Tamil Nadu 1 2. Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu 1 3. Rawatbhata Rajasthan 2 4. Kakrapar Unit 344 Gujarat 2 There are now 21 operating nuclear power reactors (two boiling water reactors and INS Visakhapatnam ▸ It is the lead ship of the Visakhapatnam–class stealth guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy. ▸ It is being constructed at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) and has been launched on 20th April, 2015. The ship is expected to get commissioned by 2018. INS Kavaratti ▸ It is an anti-submarine warfare corvette of the Indian Navy. ▸ It is the last of four komodo class corvettes under various stages of induction with the Indian Navy. ▸ The ship was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata and launched on 19th May, 2015. INS Kochi Start ▸ It is the second ship of the Kolkata–class destroyers built for the Indian Navy. ▸ It is built at Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai. She was commissioned to Indian Navy on 30th September, 2015. ▸ It has been built under the code name of project 15 Alpha. nineteen PHWRs (Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors) with a total installed capacity of 5780 MW (3.5% of total installed base).
Nangal (Punjab) First heavy water plant in the country 2. Baroda (Gujarat) 3. Talchar (Odisha) 4. Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu) 5. Thal (Maharashtra) 6. Hazira (Gujarat) 7. Manuguru (Andhra Pradesh) 8. Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)
▸ On 18th May, 1974, India conducted her first underground nuclear explosion at Pokhran (Rajasthan) in the Thar desert at a depth of 100 m. The code name used to convey the success of the test to the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, was 'Buddha is Smiling'. ▸ For the second time, India conducted on 11th May, 1998 three underground nuclear explosions at the same place i.e, Pokhran in the Thar desert of Rajasthan at a depth of 100 m. The test were code named 'Operation Shakti'. Space Programme of India ▸ The Indian Space Programme was launched in 1962, when the Indian National Committee for Space Research was formed. To this were added the Indian Space Research Organisation in 1969 and the Space Commission and Department of Space in 1972. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is responsible for the planning, execution and management of space research activities and space application programmes. ▸ The ISRO has headquarters at Bengaluru. ▸ India's first satellite communication Earth station was set-up at Arvi near Pune. The first Indian Satellite Aryabhatta was launched on 19th April, 1975 from Baikonur (erstwhile USSR). The first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite was launched on 17th March, 1988. ▸ The first Indian Communication Satellite, APPLE was launched on 19th June, 1981 from Kourou in French Guyana (South America). It was the first Indian satellite that was placed in geostationary orbit.
SHAR Centre, Sriharikota ▸ It is located on the East coast of Andhra Pradesh, SHAR is the main launch centre of ISRO. This centre also undertakes large scale production of solid rocket propellant and ground testing of solid fulled rocket stages of the Indian launch vehicles. In September 2002, the Sriharikota Space Centre was renamed as Professor Satish Dhawan Space Centre. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) ▸ It has headquarters and Spacecraft Control Centre at Bengaluru and a network of ground stations at Sriharikota, Thiruvananthapuram, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Car Nicobar and Mauritius. The ISTRAC provides Telementry, Tracking and Command (TTC) support for the launch vehicles and satellite missions of ISRO and for other space agencies. Master Control Facility ▸ It is located at Hassan in Karnataka and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, is responsible for all post launch operations of INSAT satellites including orbital manoeuvres, station keeping and in-orbit operations on the spacecraft. ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) ▸ It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, carries out development of inertial systems for both satellites and launch vehicles. Space Applications Centre (SAC) ▸ It is located in Ahmedabad, is ISRO's research and development centre for conceiving, organising and building systems for practical applications of space technology. The major fields of activity cover satellite communication, remote sensing, meteorology and geodesy. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) ▸ It is located in Ahmedabad under Department of Space and is the premier national centre for research in space and allied sciences. National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) ▸ It is located in Hyderabad under the Department of Space, has facilities for surveying, identifying, classifying and monitoring Earth resources using serial and satellite data. Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU) ▸ It's headquarters is located in Ahmedabad it, is involved in the conception, definition, planning and socio-economic evaluation of space application programmes. VikramSarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) ▸ It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, is the leading centre for launch vehicle development and it pioneers in rocket research and planning and execution of launch vehicle development projects. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) ▸ It is located in Bengaluru, is responsible for the design, fabrication, testing and management of satellite systems for scientific, technological and application missions. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory ▸ At Gadanki near Tirupathi, is used by scientists for carrying out atmospheric research. Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) ▸ It is located in Bengaluru and is engaged in design, development and production of Electro-Optic sensors and camera optics for satellites and launch vehicles. The sensors include star trackers, Earth sensors, Sun sensors and processing electronics. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) ▸ It is located at Thiruvananthapuram and Bengaluru. The LPSC undertakes research, development and testing of liquid propulsion systems for ISRO's launch vehicle and satellite programmes. The Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) ▸ It is located in Dehradun, is a premier training and education institute dealing with Remote Sensing, Geoinformation Science and GPS Technology and their Applications. North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) ▸ It is located at Umiam (near Shillong), Meghalaya. The centre has the mandate to develop high technology infrastructure support to enable North-East states to adopt space technology inputs for their development. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs) ▸ Five RRSSCs have been established by the DoS at Bengaluru, Jodhpur, Kolkata and Nagpur. RRSSCs support the various remote sensing tasks specific to their regions as well as at the national level. Navik ▸ Navigation with Indian Constitution is India's indigenous global navigation satellite system. ▸ The Constiuation consists of 3 geostationary and 4 geosynchronous satellites. ▸ It is designed as a replacement of U.S. based GPS and to provide position information in the Indian region and 1500 km around the Indian mainland.
Satellite
Launch Vehicle Place
19th April, 1975
Cosmos
Baikonur
Experimental
Bhaskara I
7th June, 1979
Earth Observation
Rohini
10th August, 1979
S L V-3
Sriharikota
Rohini D1
31st May, 1981
19th June, 1981
Ariane
Kourou
Communication
Bhaskara II
20th November, 1981
INSAT-IA
10th April, 1982
IRS-IB
29th August, 1991
Vostok
INSAT 2A
10th July, 1992
Ariane-4
INSAT 2B
23rd July, 1993
INSAT-3B
22nd March, 2000
Ariane-5
GSAT-1
18th April, 2001
GSLV-D1
INSAT-3A
10th April, 2003
GSAT-2
8th May, 2003
GSLV-D2
EDUSAT
20th September, 2004
GSLV-F01
CARTOSAT 1
5th May, 2005
PSLV-C6
HAMSAT
AGILE
23rd April, 2007
PSLV-C8
Astronomy
Tech SAR
21st January, 2008
PSLV-C10
Surveillance
IMS-1
28th April, 2008
PSLV-C9
CHANDRAYAAN-1
22nd October, 2008
PSLV-C11
Moon Mission
OCEANSAT-2
23rd September, 2009
PSLV-C14
CARTOSAT-2B
12th July, 2010
PSLV-C15
GSAT-5P
25th December, 2010
GSLV-F06
RISAT-1
26th April, 2012
PSLV-C19
Radar Imaging
YOUTHSAT
20th April, 2011
PSLV-C16
Experimental/Small Satellite
RESOURCESAT-2 20th April, 2011
Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-8
21st May, 2011
Ariane-5 VA-202 Kourou
GSAT-12
15th July, 2011
PSLV-C17 Sriharikota
Jugnu
12th October, 2011
PSLV-C18 Sriharikota
Student Satellite
PSLV-C19 Sriharikota
GSAT-10
29th September, 2012
Ariane-5 VA-209 Kourou
SARAL
25th February, 2013
PSLV-C20 Sriharikota
IRNSS-1A
1st July, 2013
PSLV-C22 Sriharikota
Navigation Satellite
INSAT-3D
26th July, 2013
Ariane-5 VA-214 Kourou
Communication Disaster Management, Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-7
30th August, 2013
Ariane-5 VA-215
MOM
PSLV-C25
Geo-Stationary Satellite
GSAT-14
5th January, 2014
GSLV-D5
IRNSS-18
4th April, 2014
PSLV-24
Navigation
IRNSS-IC
16th October, 2014
PSLV-C26
GSAT-16
7th December, 2014
Ariane-5 VA-221 Kourou
GSAT-15
11th November, 2015
Ariane-5 VA 227 Kourou
GSAT-18
5th October, 2016
Ariane-5 ECA
Resourcesat-2A
7th December, 2016
Remote Sensing
Cartosat-2
15th February, 2017
PSLV-C37
Remote Sensing Satellite
GSAT-9
5th May, 2017
GSLV Mark-2
Communication Satellite
23rd June, 2017
PSLV-C38
GSAT-17
29th June, 2017
Kouron
12th January, 2018
PSLV-C40
Kalamsat V2
25th January, 2019
PSLV-C44
Communication satellite (lightest satellite to be ever launched)
Gagan Mission ▸ It is the first indigenous human space mission designed by ISRO, to be launched in 2022. ▸ Under this mission, three Indian asronauets (Gaganyatris) will be taken to space on board Gaganyaan spacecraft by 2022. History of Satellite Launch Vehicles
Rocket
Result
SLV-3
Unsuccessful
18th July, 1980
Successful
17th April, 1983
ASLV-D1
SROSS-1
24th March, 1987
ASLV-D2
SROSS-2
13th July, 1988
ASLV-D3
SROSS-C
20th May, 1992
PSLV-D1
IRS-P1
20th September, 1993
PSLV-D2
IRS-P2 (Ocean Sat)
15th October, 1994
PSLV-C1
IRS-1D
29th September, 1997
PSLV-C2
IRS-P4 or OceanSat-1
26th May, 1999
GSAT
PSLV-C5
Resource Sat-1
17th October, 2003
CARTOSAT-1 and HAMSAT
GSVL-F02
INSAT-4C
10th July, 2006
PSLV-C7
CARTOSAT-2 and SRE-1
10th January, 2007
CARTOSAT-2A, IMS-1
PSLV-C12
RISAT-2
20th April, 2009
GSLV-D3
GSAT-4
12th April, 2010
Resource Sat-2, Youth sat and X-Sat
PSLV-C17
PSLV-C18
Jugnu, Megha-Tropiques
PSLV-C20
PSLV-C22
PSLV-C24
IRNSS-1B
PSLV-C23
SPOT-7
30th June, 2014
IRNSS-1C
PSLV-31
IRNSS-IE
20th January, 2016
PSLV-32
IRNSS-IF
10th March, 2016
PSLV-33
IRNSS-IG
28th April, 2016
PSLV-34
Cartosat-2C
22nd June, 2016
PSLV-35
Seatsat
26th September, 2016
PSLV-36
Nobel Prize ▸ The Nobel Prizes are given under the will of Alfred Bernhard Nobel, who died in 1896. He was a noted Swedish chemist and engineer, who discovered Nitroglycerine and its use in the manufacture of dynamite. ▸ Nobel Prizes are given each year in the six fields. The Nobel Prizes for Peace, Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Literature were started in 1901. The Nobel Prize for Economics was started in 1968. The prize awarding bodies are 1. The Swedish Academy of Literature awards the prize in Literature. 2. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the prize in Physics and Chemistry. The Nobel Assembly of Karolinska Chirugical (Swedan) awards the prize in Medicine (Physiology). 3. The Bank of Sweden awards the prize in Economics. 4. The Committee of the Norwegian Parliament, awards the prize for Peace. ▸ Each recipient or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which depends on the Nobel Foundations income that year. The Noble Prize amount for 2014 is set at SEK (Swedish Krona) 8.0 million. ▸ The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on 10th December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. ▸ The awards can be given to maximum three persons in the same field at the same time. The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.
Literature (Gitanjali)
Physics (Raman Effect)
Har Gobind Khorana (of Indian Descent)
Medicine (Genetic Code)
Peace
Subramaniyan Chandrasekhar (of Indian Descent)
Physics (Chandrasekhar's Limit)
Economics (Welfare Economics)
Sir VS Naipaul (of Indian Descent)
Literature
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (of Indian Descent)
Chemistry (Ribosomes)
Kailash Satyarthi
Peace (Struggle against Child Labour)
Unique Winners Pierre Curie Marie Curie, Irene Ioliot Curie Father Mother Daughter Person Refusing Nobel Prize Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature) 1964 Le Duc Tho (Peace) 1973 Posthumous Winners Erik Axel Karlfeldt (Literature) 1931 Dag Hammarskjold (Peace) 1961 Award to American Presidents Theodore Roosevelt (Peace) 1906 Woodrow Wilson (Peace) 1919 Jimmy Carter (Peace) 2002 Barack Obama (Peace) 2009
Marie Curie
1903 (Physics), 1911 (Chemistry)
Linus Pauling
1954 (Chemistry), 1962 (Peace)
Frederick Sanger
1958, 1980 (Chemistry)
International Committee of Red Cross
1917, 1944, 1963 (Peace)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1954, 1981 (Peace)
Women Nobel Peace Prize Winners Bertha Von Suttner 1905
Aung San Suu Kyi
1991
Jane Addams
Rigoberta Menchu
Emily Greene Balch
Joddy Williams
Betty Williams
Shirin Ebadi
Mairead Coarrigan
Wangari Maathai
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbower Tawakkol Kormor
Alya Myrdal 1982
Malala Yousafzai
Permanent International Peace Bureau
1910
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1917, 1944, 1963
Nansen International office for Refugees
1938
1954, 1981
Amnesty International
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
United Nations Peace-keeping Forces
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)
Medicins Sans Frontiers
United Nations
Grameen Bank (Bangladesh)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapon (ICAN)
Awarded for
Excellence in cinematic achievements
Presented by
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Country
First awarded
16th May, 1929
The Oscar statuette is officially named 'The Academy Award of Merit'. The Indian films nominated for Oscars are 1. Mother India (1957) 2. Salam Bombay (1988) 3. Lagan (2001) ▸ The Oscar award is given every year in the month of February at Hollywood Kodek Theatre. ▸ Bhanu Athaiya was the first Indian to win an Oscar Award in 1982 for costume design in film Gandhi. Grammy Awards
Outstanding achievements in the music industry
National Academy ofRecording Arts andSciences
1959
Pandit Ravi Shankar (3 times)
1967, 1972, 2001
Zakir Hussain
1992 and 2009
Vikku Vinayak
Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
AR Rehman
Ricky Kej, Neela Vaswani
Gobind Behari Lal (for 'Reporting')
1937
Jhumpa Lahiri (for her book 'Interpreters of Maladies')
2000
Geeta Anand (for 'Journalism')
Dr Siddhartha Mukherjee (for his book on The Emperor of all maladise; 'A Biography of Cancer')
Vijay Seshadri (for 3 sections) (Poet Category)
Man Booker Prize Awarded for Best full-length English Novel Presented by Man Group Country Commonwealth of Nations, Ireland and Zimbabwe First awarded 1968 Indians Winning Man Booker Prize Arundhati Roy (Novel-The God of Small Things) 1997 Kiran Desai (Novel-The Inheritance of Loss) 2006 Aravind Adiya (Novel-The White Tiger) 2008 Man Booker International Prize Awarded for Best English (or available for translation into English) fiction Presented by Man Group Country United Kingdom First awarded 2005 ▸ The award is worth 60000£ and an author can win only once. It is awarded for best English (or available translation into English) fiction. ▸ Albanian novelist Ismail Kadare was named the inaugural International Booker Prize winner in 2005. In 2013, It is given to Lydia Davis (American). Orange Prize for Fiction Awarded for Best full-length novel written in English by a woman of any nationality Presented by Orange, A Telecom Company Country United Kingdom First awarded 1996 ▸ The winner of the prize receives $ 30000, along with a bronze culture called the 'Bessie' created by artist Grizel Niven, the sister of actor and writer David Niven. Ramon Magsaysay Award Awarded for Outstanding contributions in six categories of government. Service, public service and other fields (Given to Asian Individuals) Presented by Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation Country Philippines First awarded 1957 Indians Winning Ramon Magsaysay Award ▸ For Government Service (GS) ▸ CD Deshmukh 1959 ▸ Kiran Bedi 1994 ▸ TN Seshan 1996 ▸ James Michael Lyngdoh 2003 ▸ For Public Service (PS) ▸ Jayaprakash Narayan 1965 ▸ MS Subbulakshmi 1974 ▸ Manibhai Desai 1982 ▸ Baba Amte 1985 ▸ Lakshmi Chand Jain 1989 ▸ Banoo Jehangir Coyaji 1993 ▸ Mahesh Chandra Mehta 1997 ▸ V Shanta 2005 ▸ For Community Leadership (CL) ▸ Vinoba Bhave 1958 ▸ Veghese Kurien, Dara Khurodi and Tribhuvandas Patel 1963 ▸ Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay 1966 ▸ MS Swaminathan 1971 ▸ Ela Bhatt 1977 ▸ Pramod Karan Sethi 1981 ▸ Chandi Prasad Bhatt 1982 ▸ Pandurang Shastri Athavale 1996 ▸ Aruna Roy 2000 ▸ Rajendra Singh 2001 ▸ Shantha Sinha 2003 ▸ Dr Prakash Amte and Dr Mandakini Amte 2008 ▸ Deep Joshi 2009 ▸ Kujandel-Francis 2012 ▸ For Peace and International Understanding (PIU) ▸ Mother Teresa 1962 ▸ Jockin Arputham 2000 ▸ Laxminarayan Ramdas 2004 ▸ For Emergent Leadership ▸ Sandeep Pandey 2002 ▸ Arvind Kejriwal 2006 ▸ Nileema Mishra and 2011 Harish Hande ▸ Bezwada Wilson 2016 ▸ For Journalism, Literature and the Creative Communication Arts (JLCCA) ▸ Amitabh Chaudhary 1961 ▸ Satyajit Ray 1967 ▸ Boobli George Verghest 1975 ▸ Sombhu Mitra 1976 ▸ Gour Kishore Ghosh 1981 ▸ Arun Shourie 1982 ▸ RK Laxman 1984 ▸ KV Subbanna 1991 ▸ Ravi Shankar 1992 ▸ Mahasweta Devi 1997 ▸ P Sainath 2007 ▸ Sanjiv Chaturvedi and Anshu Gupta is awarded Magsaysay Award for 2015. ▸ TM Krishna 2016 ▸ Bharat Vatwani 2018 ▸ Sonam wangchuk 2018
The prize was created in 1986 by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug. The prize recognises contributions in all fields involved in the world food supply. First award was given to Professor MS Swaminathan (India) in 1987. In 2014 Dr Sanjaya Rajaram (Indian Origin American) won this award. Sir Fazle Hasan Abed of Bangladesh is to be honored as the 2015 World Food Prize Laureate. Dr. Akinwumi Adesina from Nigeria won the World Food Prize 2017. The Right Livelihood Award
'Practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today'
Right Livelihood AwardFoundation
Prize Money
2 Lakh Euro
The Right Livelihood Award is also referred as the 'Alternative Nobel Prize'. It was established by Jakob von Uexkull in 1980. Indian Laureates
Laureates
Years
Self-Employed Women’sAssociation/Ela Bhatt
Lokayan/Rajni Kothari
Ladakh Ecological Development Group
Chipko Movement
Narmada Bachao Andolan
Vandana Shiva
Vevekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra
People’s science Movement of Kerala (Kerala Safthra Sahithya Parishad)
Swami Agnivesh/Asghar Ali Engineer
Ruth Manorama
Krishanammal Jagannathan andSankaralingam Jagannathan LAFI
Colin Gonsalves
UNESCO Peace Prize It is presented by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for extraordinary contributions for international peace. UNESCOHuman Rights Award It is also presented by UNESCO for contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness. It is given every alternate year created in 1978. UNHuman Rights Award It is presented by United Nations (UN) for personal contribution for the cause of human rights. It is presented every 6th years. BEAUTY CONTESTS Miss Universe ▸ It is an annual international beauty contest that is run by the Miss Universe Organisation. The contest was founded in 1952, by California Clothing Company Pacific Mills. Its headquarters is at New York City (US). ▸ Sushmita Sen is the first Indian woman to win theMiss Universe contest in 1994. ▸ Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach won the crown of Miss Universe 2015. ▸ Catriona Gray of Philippines has been crowned as miss universe 2018. MissWorld The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviving international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley In 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's wife, Julia Morley, co-chairs the pageant. Its headquarter is at London (UK). Reita Faria Powell became the first Indian to win the Miss World title in 1966. Miss Stephanie Del Valle of Puerto Rico is crowned the Miss World title for 2016. India's Manushi Chhillar won the Miss World 2017 contest. Vanessa ponce of mexico has been crowned as miss world 2018. Miss Earth ▸ Miss Earth is an annual international beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness. Miss Earth is also one of the most publicised beauty contest in the world. It was formed in 2001 and its headquarters is at Manila, Philippines. Catharina Svensson of Denmark is the first winner of Miss Earth contest (2001). Katherine Espin of Ecuador, was crowned Miss Earth 2016. ▸ Nguyen phuong khanh of Vietnam won the 2018 miss earth Crown. Miss India ▸ Miss India or Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in India. It is organised by Femina, a women's magazine published by Bennett, Coleman and Co Ltd. ▸ Its headquarters is at Mumbai and it was formed in 1963. Miss India beauty contest started on 1947. ▸ Pramila was the first woman to win the Miss India contest in 1947.
MahatmaGandhi Peace Prize It was instituted in 1995 and awarded by Government of India to encourage and promote Gandhian values worldwide.The award carries `1 Crore in cash, convertible in any currency in the world, a plaque and a citation. ▸ First recipient (1995) Julius Nyerere ▸ Last recipient (2018) Yohei Sasakawa
It was instituted in 1986 and awarded by Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust. It is awarded for peace, disarmament and development. The prize carries a cash award of 25 lakh Indian rupees and a citation. ▸ First recipient (1986) Parliamentarians for Global Action ▸ Last recipient (2018) Centre For Science and Environment India
It was instituted in 1965 and awarded by Government of India for international understanding, goodwill and friendship. The money constituent of this award is 25 Lakh Indian rupees. ▸ First recipient (1965) U Thant (3rd UN Secretary-General) ▸ Last recipient (2009) ▸ Angela Markel (Germany's First Female Chancellor)
▸ Bharat Ratna is India's highest Civilian Award. It was first awarded in 1954. The actual award is designed in the shape of a Peepal leaf with Bharat Ratna inscribed in Devanagri script in the Sun Figure. ▸ The reverse side of the decoration Satyamev Jayate has been written in Hindi with an inscription of state emblem. The emblem, the Sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze.
Madan Mohan Malaviya*
Sachin Tendulkar, CNR Rao
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
Ustad Bismillah Khan
Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi *
Professor Amartya Sen
Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan *
Pandit Ravi Shankar
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshm
Chidambaram Subramaniam
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
Aruna Asaf Ali *
Gulzari Lal Nanda *
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad *
Satyajit Ray
Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata
Rajiv Gandhi *
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel *
Morarji Ranchhodji Desai
1990
Dr Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar *
Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran *
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Acharya Vinoba Bhave *
Kumaraswamy Kamraj *
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Lal Bahadur Shastri *
Dr Pandurang Vaman Kane
Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy
Shri Purushottam Das Tandon
Dr Dhonde Keshav Karve
Pt Govind Ballabh Pant
Dr Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
Dr Bhagwan Das
1954
Dr Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman
Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Winners of Bharat Ratna Note * Posthumous Recipient
There are three Padma Awards given on Republic Day (26th January) every year.
▸ This is the second highest National Award. ▸ Instituted on 2nd January, 1954 by the Government of India. ▸ It is awarded to recognise exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field.
▸ This is the third largest National Awards. ▸ Instituted on 2nd January, 1954 by the Government of India. ▸ It is awarded to recognise distinguished service of a high order to the nation, in any field.
▸ This is the fourth highest National Award instituted on 2nd January, 1954 by Government of India. ▸ In 1960, Dr MG Ramachandran refused to accept the award as the wordings of the award is in Hindi. ▸ It recognises the contribution of Indian citizens (generally) in various spheres of activity including Arts, Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Social Service and Public life.
To be given on Republic Day (26th January)
(Awarded to officers or enlisted personnel from all branches of the Indian Military).
Award
Year of Institution
Awarded by
Paramvir Chakra
Established on 26th January, 1950 wef 15th August, 1947
Government of India
Most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminest valour or self-sacrifice.
Mahavir Chakra
Acts of gallantry in the Presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air.
Vir Chakra
Acts of bravery in the battle field
▸ Subedar Major Bana Singh of the 8th Jammu and Kashmir light infantry was the only serving personnel of the Indian defence establishment with a Param Vir Chakra till the Kargil operations. Recipient of Param Vir Chakra
Name Regiment
Major Som Nath Sharma
4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment
3rd November, 1947
Badgam, Jammu and Kashmir
Lance Naik Karam Singh
1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment
13th October, 1948
Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir
Second Lieutenant Bombay
Sappers Corps Rama Raghoba Rane of Engineers
8th April, 1948
Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir
Naik Jadu Nath Singh
1st Battalion, Rajput Regiment
February 1948
Company Havaldar
6th Battalion, Rajputana Major Piru Singh Rifles Shekhawat
17th July, 1948, 18th July, 1948
Captain Gurbachan
3rd Battalion, 1st Gorkha Singh Salaria Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)
5th December, 1961
Elizabethville, Katanga, Conga
Major Dhan Singh
1st Battalion, 8th Gorkha Thapa Rifles
20th October, 1962
Ladakh, India
Subedar Joginder Singh
23rd October, 1962
Tongpen La, North-East Frontier Agency, India
Major Shaitan Singh
13th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment
18th November, 1962
Rezang La
Company Quarter Master Havaldar Abdul Hamid
4th Battalion, Grenadiers
10th September, 1965
Chima, Khem Karan Sector Pakistan
Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore
17th Poona Horse
15th October, 1965
Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakistan
Lance Naik Albert Ekka
14th Battalion, Brigade of the Guards
3rd December, 1971
Gangasagar, Agartala Sector
Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon
No. 18 Squadron, Indian Air Force
14th December, 1971
Srinagar, Kashmir
2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal
17th Poona House
16th December, 1971
Barapind Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector
Major Hoshiar Singh
3rd Battalion, The Grenadiers
17th December, 1971
Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector
Naib Subedar Bana Singh
8th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry
23rd May, 1987
Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir
Major Ramaswamy Parameshwaran
8th Battalion, Mahar Regiment
25th November, 1987
Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey
1st Battalion, 11th Gorkha Rifiles
3th July, 1999
Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik Sector, Kargil area, Jammu and Kashmir
Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav
18th Battalion, The Grenadiers
4th July, 1999
Tiger Hill, Kargil Area
Awarded Either to Military or Civilian Personnel
AshokaChakra
4th January, 1952 with effect-from15th August, 1947
Most conspicuous bravery or some act of daring or preeminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
Kirti Chakra
Conspicuous gallantry otherwise than in face of the enemy.
ShauryaChakra
National bravery generally for counter insurgency operations and actions against the enemy during peace time
Other Military Awards
Category
Wartime/ Peacetime Service andGallantry
Sena Medal (Army), Nao Sena Medal (Navy), Vayusena Medal (Air Force)
Wartime Distinguished Service
Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal, Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, Yudh Seva Medal
Peacetime Distinguished Service
Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Vishisht Seva Medal
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award ▸ The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (RGKR) is India's highest honour given for achievement in sports. The words 'Khel Ratna' literally means 'Sports Gem' in Hindi. The award is named after late Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. ▸ The award was instituted in the year 1991-1992 and was awarded by the ministry of youth affairs and sports. ▸ Upto 2004-05, the cash component was ` 500000. The money has been increased from ` 500000 to ` 750000. ▸ First Awardees-1991-92 Viswanathan Anand (Chess). ▸ 2009-10 Saina Nehwal, (Badminton), 2010-11 Gagan Narang (Shooting), 2011-12 Vijay Kumar (Shooting) 2011-12 Yogeswar Dutt (Wrestling), 2013-14 Ronjan Sodhi (Shooting). ▸ Four athletes namely PV Sindhu, Dipa Karmakar, Sakshi Malik and Jitu Rai were awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award for 2015-16. ▸ In 2018, Saikhom Mirabai Chanu (Weightlifting) and Virat Kohli (Cricket) has won Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award. Arjuna Award ▸ The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the Ministry of youth affairs and sports, Government of India to recognise outstanding achievement in National Sports. The award carries a cash prize of ` 500000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll. ▸ From the year 2001, the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories ▸ Olympic Games ▸ Asian Games ▸ Commonwealth Games ▸ World Cup ▸ World Championship Disciplines and Cricket ▸ Indigenous Games ▸ Sports for the physically challenged
Dronacharya Award is an award presented by the ministry of youth affairs and sports, Government of India for excellence in sports coaching. The award comprises a bronze statuette of Dronacharya a scroll of honour and a cash component of ` 500000. The award was instituted in 1985.
Dhyanachand Award is India's highest award for lifetime achievement in sports and games, given by the Government of India. The award is named after the legendary Indian hockey player Dhyanchand. The awards was instituted in 2002. The award carries a cash prize of ` 500000. Satti Geetha (Athletics), Sylvanus Dung Dung (Hockey) and Rajendra Pralhad Shelke (Rowing) were awarded Dhyanchand Award for 2016. Some Famous Awards by State Governments
Mahatma Gandhi Award
Madhya Pradesh Government
To an institution working according to Gandhi philosophy and ideology
Tansen Award
Indian classical music
Kalidas Award
Classical dance and music, theatre, painting, sculpture and plastic arts
Tulsidas Award
Folk and traditional tribal art (only for male artist)
Lata Mangeskar Award
For music direction and playback singing in field of light music
Santhala Natya Award
Karnataka Government
Santhal dance (a tribal dance form)
Konark Samman
Odisha State Council of Culture
Literature, art sculpture, music, dance and socio-cultural work
▸ The National Film Awards are the most prominent film award ceremony in India, established in 1954 and it is administered, along with the international film festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian Government's Directorate of Film Festivals since 1973. ▸ Due to the national character of the National Film Awards, it is considered to be the equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
▸ The Dada Saheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime Contribution to Indian Cinema. ▸ It was instituted in 1969, the birth centenary year of Dada Saheb Phalke, considered as the Father of Indian Cinema. ▸ Phalke Award carries a 'Swarna Kamal', a shawl and a cash prize of ` 1000000. Recipients of Dada Saheb Phalke Award
Mrs Devika Rani Roerich
1969 (First)
B N Sirkar
Prithvi Raj Kapoor
Pankaj Mallick
Mrs Ruby Myers
BN Reddy
1974
Dhiren Ganguly
Mrs Kanan Devi
Nitin Bose
RC Boral
Sohrab Modi
P Jai Raj
Naushad Ali
L V Prasad
Mrs Durga Khote
V Shantaram
B Nagi Reddy
▸ The Filmfare Awards are presented annually by the Times group to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Hindi language film industry of India. The awards were first introduced in 1954, the same year as the National Film Awards. ▸ They were initially referred to as the Clare Awards after the editor of the Times of India, Clare Mendonca.
It is a literary honour in India instituted in 1954, by which Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in twenty-four major Indian languages.
▸ The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. The award was instituted in 1961. It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the Times of India newspaper. ▸ It carries a check of ` 7 lakh, a citation plaque and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Indian Goddess of knowledge, music and arts. First awarded in 1965 to Sankar Kurup (Malayalam). Recipients of the Jnanpith Award
G Shankar Kurup (Malayalam)
1965
TS Bandopadhyaya (Bengali)
Uma Shankar Joshi (Gujarati)
1967
R S Firaq Gorakhpuri (Urdu)
Sumitra Nandan Pant (Hindi)
Vishwanath Satyanarayan (Telugu)
Vishnu Dey (Bengali)
Ram Dhari Singh Dinkar (Hindi)
Dr D R Bendre (Kannada) and Gopinath Mohanty (Oriya)
V S Khandekar (Marathi)
PV Akilandam (Tamil)
Mrs Asha Purna Devi (Bengali)
K Shiv Ram Karanth (Kannada)
H S Vatsayan 'Ageya' (Hindi)
V K Bhattacharya (Assamese)
S K Pottekat (Malayalam)
Mrs Amrita Pritam (Punjabi)
Mrs Mahadevi Verma (Hindi)
M V Iyengar (Kannada)
T S Pillai (Malayalam)
Panna Lal Patel (Gujarati)
Sachida Nand Routory (Oriya)
V V Shirvadkar (Marathi)
C Narayana Reddy (Telugu)
Qurtul-ain-Haider (Urdu)
Vinayak Krishna Gokak (Kannada)
Subhash Mukhopadhyay (Bengali)
Naresh Mehta (Hindi)
Dr Sitakant Mahapatra (Oriya)
U R Anantha Murthy (Kannada)
M T Vasudevan Nair (Malayalam)
Smt Mahasweta Devi (Bengali)
Ali Sardar Jafri (Urdu)
Girish Karnad (Kannada)
Nirmal Verma (Hindi) and Gurdayal Singh (Punjabi)
Dr Indira Goswami (Assamese)
Rajendra Keshavlal Shah (Gujarati)
D Jaya Kanthan (Tamil)
Vinda Karandikar (Marathi)
Rehman Rahi (Kashmiri)
Kunwar Narayan (Hindi)
Ravindra Kelekar (Konkani) and Satyavrat Shastri (Sanskrit)
O N V Kurup (Malayalam)
Akhlaq Khan Shaharyar (Urdu)
Amar Kant (Hindi)
Shrilal Shukla (Hindi)
Chandrashekhara, Kambara (Kannada)
Pratibha Ray (Odiya)
Ravuri Bharadhwaja (Telugu)
Kedarnath Singh (Hindi)
Bhalchandra Nemade (Marathi)
Raghuveer Chadhari (Gujarati)
Shankha Ghosh (Bengali)
Krishana Sobti (Hindi)
Amitav Ghosh (English)
Instituted in 1996, Sahitya Akademi gives these special awards to writers for significant contribution to Indian languages other than the above 24 major ones and also for contribution to classical and medieval literature. Translation Awards Established in 1989, Sahitya Akademi annually gives these awards for outstanding translations ofmajor works in other languages into one of the 24major Indian languages. Anand Coomarswamy Fellowships Named after the Indian writer Ananda Coomarswamy, the fellowship was started in 1996. It is given to scholars from Asian countries to spend 3 to 12 months in India to pursue a literary project. Premchand Fellowships Named after Hindi writer Premchand, the fellowship was started in 2005. It is given to persons of eminence in the field of culture from SAARC countries.
Awarded by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama. This award was constituted in 1952. It is the highest Indian recognition given to practising artists in the categories of music, dance, theatre, other traditional/ folk/ tribal/dance/music/ theatre and puppetry and contribution/scholarship in performing arts.
Instituted in 1955 by the Government of India, is an honour for the fine arts given to eminent artists for their lifetime achievements in the field of visual arts. It is awarded by the Lalit Kala Academy, India's National Academy of Art. It is the highest honour in the fine arts conferred by the Government of India.
The Saraswati Samman is an annual award for outstanding prose or poetry literacy works in any Indian language listed in Schedule VII of the Constitution of India. The Saraswati Samman was instituted in 1991 by the KK Birla foundation. The award consist of ` 10 lakh, a citation and a plaque.
These awards are given by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of music. This award was constituted in 1980 and compreses ` 2 lakh.
The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India, first awarded in 1991. It is awarded annually by the KK Birla Foundation and includes a cash payout of ` 2.5 lakh.
These awards are given by the Literary Council of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of urdu literature. This award was constituted in 1987 and comprises ` 1 lakh and certificate. Murtidevi Award This award was constituted in 1984 and is given for extra ordinary performance in literature. It is given by Indian Jnanpith Trust.
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award ▸ This prize for science and technology in awarded annually by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and physics under the age of 65 years. ▸ It is the highest award for science in India. It was first awarded in 1958. ▸ The Prize comprises a citation, a plaque and a cash award of `5 lakh. Dhanwantari Award ▸ It is given for Medical field. This award comprises a certificate, Gold Medal and ` 1 lakh Dhanvantari award. ▸ Instituted in 1971 and given for 'Excellence in Medical Services'. ▸ Thus, award is given by 'Dhanvantari Foundation'.
▸ Medical Council of India instituted Dr BC Roy Award in 1976, in memory of Bharat Ratna Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy. The award is given annually in each of the following categories: statesmanship of the highest order in India, Medical man-cum- statesman, eminent medical person, eminent person in philosophy and arts. ▸ It is presented by the President of India in New Delhi on 1st July the National Doctor's Day. ▸ This award comprises a Silver Medal, certificate and ` 1lakh cash.
It is a prestigious Indian award, for promoting Gandhian values, social work and social development. It is established in 1978 by the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation of Bajaj Group. This award contains ` 5 lakh, a certificate and a trophy.
▸ Instituted in 1990, and given for excellence in field of Atomic energy. ▸ This award comprises ` 50000 and a certificate.
▸ Instituted in 1990 and given for excellence in field of Space Research. ▸ This award is given by 'Birla Foundation'. ▸ This award comprises medals, certificate and ` 50000.
▸ GD Birla award for scientific research is conferred by KK Birla Foundation. KK Birla Foundation was established in 1991, by Krishna Kumar Birla. ▸ This award comprises ` 1.45 lakh and certificate.
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