UPSC Mains Answer: A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India's joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Sub-category: International Relations (Post-Independence India)

Introduction

Central Asia, a region rich in energy resources and strategic location, has long been a theatre of geopolitical competition. India’s accession to the Ashgabat Agreement in 2018 marks a significant step in enhancing its connectivity and influence in the region, countering the entrenched presence of external powers like China, Russia, and the U.S.

Body

The Ashgabat Agreement, a multimodal transport corridor linking Central Asia with the Persian Gulf, offers India several strategic advantages. First, it provides an alternative route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan’s obstructionist stance. Second, it strengthens India’s energy security by facilitating access to Central Asia’s hydrocarbon reserves. Third, it counters China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by offering a viable trade corridor, reducing Beijing’s dominance. Historically, India’s engagement with Central Asia has been limited due to logistical challenges, but the Ashgabat Agreement aligns with its Connect Central Asia policy, fostering economic and cultural ties. However, India must navigate the complex geopolitics of the region, balancing relations with Russia, Iran, and the U.S. while mitigating security risks like terrorism and instability.

Conclusion

India’s membership in the Ashgabat Agreement is a forward-looking move to secure its strategic and economic interests in Central Asia. By leveraging this corridor, India can enhance its regional presence, counter external influences, and contribute to the stability and prosperity of the region.