UPSC Mains Answer: “Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples.

Difficulty Level: Hard

Sub-category: International Relations (Post-Independence India)

Introduction

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), established in 1985, aims to promote regional cooperation and economic integration among its eight member-states. However, Pakistan’s persistent cross-border terrorism and interference in the internal affairs of neighboring countries, particularly India, have severely undermined SAARC’s credibility and effectiveness. These actions violate the core principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and peaceful coexistence enshrined in the SAARC Charter, threatening the organization’s future.

Body

Cross-Border Terrorism

Pakistan’s support for terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) has led to devastating attacks in India, such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the 2016 Uri and 2019 Pulwama strikes. These incidents not only escalate bilateral tensions but also disrupt regional stability, deterring SAARC’s collaborative efforts. For instance, India’s boycott of the 2016 SAARC Summit in Islamabad, following the Uri attack, highlighted how terrorism derails regional diplomacy.

Interference in Internal Affairs

Pakistan’s involvement in the internal matters of member-states, such as Afghanistan and Nepal, further erodes trust. Its alleged support for insurgent groups in Afghanistan and political meddling in Nepal’s domestic politics exemplify this interference. Such actions contravene SAARC’s foundational principles, fostering distrust and hindering collective progress on issues like trade, climate change, and poverty alleviation.

Impact on SAARC

The cumulative effect of these actions has been the stagnation of SAARC. Initiatives like the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) and regional connectivity projects remain unrealized due to political tensions. Member-states increasingly favor alternative platforms like BIMSTEC, which exclude Pakistan, signaling a shift away from SAARC’s relevance.

Conclusion

For SAARC to regain its purpose, Pakistan must adhere to the principles of non-interference and counter-terrorism. Regional stability hinges on mutual trust and cooperation, which can only be achieved through sincere commitment to the SAARC Charter. Without this, SAARC’s future as a viable regional organization remains bleak.