UPSC Mains Answers | 📘 Study Guides

📘 565 Study Guides

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📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Establish relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation of agriculture- friendly land reforms- in India. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in the food industry for ensuring better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement. [200 words] 10

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the different types Of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at state levels? Critically analyse the agricultural subsidy regime with reference to the distortions created by it. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Food Security Bill is expected to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in India. Critically discuss various apprehensions in its effective implementation along with the concerns it has generated in WTO. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far are India's internal security challenges linked with border management , particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar? [200 words] 10

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Article 244 of the Indian Constitution relates to the administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyse the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of the Fifth schedule on the growth of Lefft Wing extremism. [200 words] 10

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Cyber warfare is considered by some defence analysts to be a larger threat than even A1 Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand about Cyberwarfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable and bring out the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same. [

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are social networking sites and what security implications do these sites present? [200 words] 10

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Money laundering m).ses a serious security threat to a country's economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace? [200 words] 10

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand about the run-of-river hydroelectricity project? How is it different from any other hydroelectricity project? [100 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is an FRP composite material? How are they manufactured? Discuss their applications in the aviation and automobile industries. [100 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does the 3D printing technology work? List out the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. [100 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is a digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Give various salient built-in features Of a digital signature. [100 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand about Umpire Decision Review System in Cricket? Discuss its various components. Explain how silicone on the edge of a bat may fool the system? [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by Fixed Dose Drug Combinations (FDCs)? Discuss their merits and demerits. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Enumerate the National Water Policy of India. Taking the river Ganges as an example, discuss the strategies which may be adopted for river water pollution control and management. What are the legal provisions for the management and handling of hazardous wastes in India? [200 words

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the consequences of Illegal mining? Discuss the Ministry of Environment and Forests' concept of GO AND NO GO zones for the coal mining sector. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Write a note on India's green energy corridor to alleviate the problem Of conventional energy. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How important is vulnerability and risk assessment for pre-disaster management? As an administrator, what are key areas that you would focus On in a Disaster Management System. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the rationale for introducing Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Bring out critically the reasons for the delay in roll out for its regime. [200 words]

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Bringing out the circumstances in 2005 which forced amendment to the section 3(d) in Indian Patent Law, 1970, discuss how it has been utilized by the Supreme Court in its judgement in rejecting Novratis' patent application for 'Glivec'. Discuss briefly the pros and cons of the dec

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Adoption of PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free of criticism. Critically discuss pros and cons of the model.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though India allowed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in what is called multi-brand retail through the joint venture route in September 2012, the FDI, even after a year, has not picked up. Discuss the reasons.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the impact of FDI entry into Multi-trade retail sector on supply chain management in commodity trade pattern of the economy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indians. Are they competing with the MNCs satisfactorily ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is the meaning of the term 'tax expenditure' ? Taking housing sector as an example, discuss how it influences the budgetary policies of the government.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What were the reasons for the introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 ? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new Companies Bill, 2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its implementation in right earnest. Also discuss other provisions in the Bill and their implications.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 has come into effect from 1st January 2014. What are the key issues which would get addressed with the act in place? What implications would it have on industrialization

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "In the villages itself, no form of credit organization will be suitable except the cooperative society" - All India Rural Credit Survey. Discuss this statement in the background of agricultural finance in India. What constraints and challenges do financial institutions supplying

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for the development of an economic corridor. What threat does this pose to India's security? Critically examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In 2012, the longitudinal marking for high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65 degrees east to 78 degrees east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime Organization. What impact does this have on India's maritime security concerns?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does illegal transborder migration pose a threat to India's security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bringing out the factors Which give impetus to such migration.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above their territory, What do you understaru•l by 'airspace? What are the implications Of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges that this pos

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The diverse nature of India as a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which is seen in her neighbourhood." Discuss along with strategies to be adapted to counter this environment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Can overuse and free availability of antibiotics without a Doctor's prescription, be contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Scientific research in lndian universities is declining, because a career in science is not as attractive as business professions, engineering or administration, and the universities arc becoming consumer-oriented. Critically comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Should the pursuit of carbon credits and clean development mechanisms be set up under UNFCCC be maintained even though there has been a massive slide in the value of a carbon credit? Discuss With respect to India's energy needs for economic growth.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Environmental Impact Assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before a project is cleared by the Government. Discuss the environmental impacts Of coed-fired thermal plants located at coal pitheads.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Drought has been recognized as a disaster in view of its spatial expanse, temporal duration, slow onset and lasting effects on vulnerable sections. With a focus on September 2010 guidelines from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), discuss the mechanisms for prepared

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above their territory. What do you understand by 'airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this pose

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In a globalizcd world, Intellectual Property Rights assume significance and are a source Of litigation. Broadly distinguish between the terms—Copyrights, Patents and Trade Secrets.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the defence sector is now set to be liberalized. What influence this is expected to have on Indian defence and economy in the short and Icing run?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: National Urban Transport Policy emphasises on 'moving people' instead of 'moving vehicles'. Discuss critically the success of the various strategies of thc Government in this regard,

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain how Private Public Partnership arrangements, in long gestation infrastructure projccts, can transfer unsustainable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations' capacities are not compromised?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often encourages short-sightedness and contributes to vyidC disparities between the rich and the poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism for bringing inclusive growth

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "While we flaunt India's demographic dividend, we ignore the dropping rates Of employability." What axe we rnissing While doing so? Where will the jobs that India desperately needs come from? Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India shifted directly from agriculture to services. What arc the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Can India become a developed country without a strong

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How can the 'Digital India' programme help farmers to improve farm productivity and income? What steps has the Government taken in this regard?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non-viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a "Digital Armed Force" to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The persisting drives of the Government for the development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements. With Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win t

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Religious indoctrination via digital media has resulted in Indian youth joining the ISIS. What is ISIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous for the internal security of our country?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Human rights activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with to

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India's Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), which has a database containing formatted information on more than 2 million medicinal formulations is proving a powerful weapon in the country's fight against erroneous patents. Discuss the pros and cons of making this databas

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the advantages and security implications of cloud hosting of servers vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the areas of prohibitive labour that can be sustainably managed by robots? Discuss the initiatives that can propel research in premier research institutes for substantive and gainful innovation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by 'Standard Positioning Systems' and 'Precision Positioning Systems' in the GPS era? Discuss the advantages India perceives from its ambitious IRNSS programme employing just seven satellites.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the Namami Gange and National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) programmes and causes of mixed results from the previous schemes. What quantum leaps can help preserve the river Ganga better than incremental inputs?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what factors can the recent dramatic fall in equipment costs and tariff on solar energy be attributed? What implications does the trend have for thermal power producers and the related industry?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The frequency of earthquakes appears to have increased in the Indian subcontinent. However, India's preparedness for mitigating their impact has significant gaps. Discuss various aspects.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The persisting drives of the Government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who facæ multiple displacements. With Malkangiri and Naxalban foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Le

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: There is a clear acknowledgement that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool of industrial development, manufacturing and exports. Recognizing this potential the whole instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs with respect to

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Success of 'Make in India' programme depends on the success of 'Skill India' programme and radical labour reforms." Discuss with logical arguments.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Craze for gold in Indians has led to a surge in import of gold in recent years and put pressure on balance of payments and external value of rupee. In view of this, examine the merits of the Gold Monetization Scheme.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In what way could replacement of price subsidy with Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The nature of economic growth in India in recent times is often described as jobless growth. Do you agree with this view ? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development. Identify the factors that were responsible for the success of land reforms in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is allelopathy? Discuss its role In major Cropping systems of irrigated agriculture.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is Water-use efficiency? Describe the role of micro-irrigation in increasing the water-use efficiency.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Use of Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern. How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Terrorism is emerging as a competitive indusüy over the last few decades." Analyze the above statement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The terms 'Hot Pursuit' and Surgical Strikes' are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss India's achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of Indian Government's Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of the recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The frequency of urban floods due to high-intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods, highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Justify the need for FDI for the development of the Indian economy. Why there is gap between MOUs signed and actual FDIs? Suggest remedial steps to be taken for increasing actual FDIs in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are Smart Cities? Examine their relevance for urban development in India. Will it increase rural-urban differences? Give arguments for 'Smart Villages' in the light of PURA and RURBAN Mission.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How globalization has led to the reduction of employment in the formal sector of the Indian economy? Is increased informalization detrimental to the development of the country?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is necessary för bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this for financial inclusion of the poorer section of the Indian society? Give arguments to justify your opinion.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Women empowerment in India needs gender budgeting. What are the requirements and status of gender budgeting in the Indian context?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do subsidies affect 'the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal fanners?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilise the yield of the crops in the system?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain various types of revolutions, that took place in Agriculture after independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The scourge Of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources Of terrorist funding? (Answer in 250 words) 15

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable examples, analyze the causes and consequences of such violence. (Answer in 250 words) 15

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The North-East region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyze the major reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region.(Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attacks and the security framework to prevent them.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety Of medical conditions including Leukaemia, Thalassemia, damaged cornea and severe burns. Describe briefly what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbiter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space missions. What are the main obstacles to launching a manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Exami

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Give an account of the growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India. What is the advantage of the fast breeder reactor programme in India? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Not many years ago, river linking was a concept but it is becoming a reality in the country. Discuss the advantages of river linking and its possible impact on the environment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: On December 2004, the tsunami brought havoc on fourteen countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for the occurrence of tsunamis and their effects on life and the economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Climate change is a global problem. How India will 'be affected by climate. change? How Himalayan and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change? (Answer in 250 words) 15

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall growth of Gross-Domestic-Product(GDP) in the post reform period" Give reasons. How far the recent changes in Industrial Policy are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the development of Airports in India through joint ventures under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the salient features of 'inclusive growth"? Has India been experiencing such a growth process? Analyze and suggest measures for inclusive growth.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for the failure of manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labour-intensive exports rather than capital intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour intensive rather than capital-intensive exports.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Among several factors for India's potential growth, savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017-18 is to 'transform, energize and clean India'. Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget 2017-18 to achieve the objective.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about Changes in cropping patterns in the recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption, (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms, How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low-income trap?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India's proximity to two of the world's biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures sh

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B. N, Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weaknesses of the Report relating to the protectio

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend. but still affects many parts Of the country. Briefly explain the Government Of India's approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the work of Bose-Einstein Statistics done by Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose and show how it revolutionized the field of Physics.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why is there so much activity in the field of biotechnology in our country? How has this activity benefitted the field of biopharma? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is a wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of •wise use' in the context of wetland conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar Sites from India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the impediments in disposing of the huge quantities of discarded solid wastes which are continuously being generated? How do we remove safely the toxic wastes that have been accumulating in our habitable environment?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)." Comment on the progress made in India in this regard.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Sikkim is the first Organic State in India. What are the ecological and economical benefits of Organic State? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 helpful in the conservation Of flora and fauna? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing Sendai Framework for DRR (2015—2030)'. How is this framework different from 'Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005'? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China's larger 'One Belt One Road' initiative. Give a brief description Of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the role Of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables and food items. How do they eliminate the number of intermediaries?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect macroeconomic stability of India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Comment on the important changes introduced in respect of the Long-term Capital Gains Tax (LCGT) and Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget for 2018-2019.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Elaborate on the policy taken by the Government Of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Elaborate on the impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the Steps to counter the challenges.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Indian Government has recently strengthened the anti-terrorism laws by amending the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 and the NIA Act. Analyze the changes in the context of the prevailing security environment while discussing the scope and reasons for opposing the

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling interest crimes in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The banning of 'Jamaat-e-lslami' in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize i

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is India's plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: HOW was India benefitted from the contributions Of Sir M. Visvesvaaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How can biotechnology help to improve the living standards of farmers?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Define the concept or carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding thin concept is vital while planning for development of a region.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Coastal sand mining, whether legal or illegal, poses one of thc biggest threats to our environment. Analyze the impact of sand mining along the Indian coasts, citing specific examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how hazard zonation mapping will help disaster mitigation in the case of landslides.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and its threat to people. How and in what ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different types Of vulnerability with reference to disasters.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is the Grovernrnent India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The public expenditure management is a challenge to the government of India in the context of budget-making during the post-liberalization period. Clarify it.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together. Comment on this statement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenario.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the major factors responsible for making the rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success, how has this system become a bane in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including the Line of Control (LoC). Also, discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the determinants Of left-wing extremism in the Eastern part Of India? What strategy should Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss different types of cyber crimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by nanotechnology and how is it helping in health sector? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented devastation worldwide. However, technological advancements are being availed readily to Win over the crisis. Give an account of how technology was sought to aid management of the pandemic.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the salient features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government Of India for water conservation and water security?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the key features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) initiated by the Government Of India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the rationale behind the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act of 2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal tensions?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and a private entity.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Define potential. GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India's water crisis? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and obnoxious nexus. Also, suggest measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyse the multidimensional Challenges posed by external state and non—state actors, to the internal security Of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Keeping in view India's internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2014 was jointly awarded to Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura for the invention Of Blue LEDs in 1990s. How has this invention impacted the everyday life of human beings? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is S-400 air defence system technically superior to any Other system presently available in the world? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the research and developmental, achievements in applied biotechnology? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections Of the society?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe the various causes and effects of landslides. Mention the important components of the National Landslide Risk Management Strategy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss about the vulnerability Of India to earthquake-related hazards. Give examples including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the Commitments made by India in this conference? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the purpose of the Green Grid Initiative launched at World Leaders Summit Of the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021. When was this idea first floated in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe the key points Of the revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) recently released by the World Health Organisation (WHO). How are these different from its last update in 2005? What changes in India's National Clean Air Programme are required to achieve these revised st

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth.” Discuss in the light of India’s experience.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced V-shaped recovery?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both these Budgets.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the difference between computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their r

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is meant by Gujral doctrine ? Does it have any relevance today ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In respect of India—Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’ ? How does it impact India ? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘A national Lokpal, however strong it may be, cannot resolve the problems of immorality in public affairs.’ Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though Citizens’ charters have been formulated by many public service delivery organizations, there is no corresponding improvement in the level of citizens’ satisfaction and quality of services being provided. Analyse.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Identify the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that are related to health. Discuss the success of the actions taken by the Government for achieving the same.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The basis of providing urban amenities in rural areas (PURA) is rooted in establishing connectivity. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize corruption, eliminate wastage and facilitate reforms. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Central Government frequently complains on the poor performance of the State Governments in eradicating suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society. Restructuring of Centrally sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause of vulnerable sections of pop

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The legitimacy and accountability of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their patrons, the micro-finance outfits, need systematic assessment and scrutiny for the sustained success of the concept. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The concept of Mid Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early beginnings in Madras Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates an

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the two regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the recommendations of the 134 Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Constitutional mechanisms to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Many State Governments further bifurcate geographical administrative areas like Districts and Talukas for better governance. In light of the above, can it also be justified that more number of smaller States would bring in effective governance at State level ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘The Supreme Court of India keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament in amending the Constitution.’ Discuss critically.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Recent directives from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are perceived by the ‘Nagas’ as a threat to override the exceptional status enjoyed by the State. Discuss in light of Article 371A of the Indian Constitution.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law which was legislated but with a different intention ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: WTO is an important international institution where decisions taken affect countries in a profound manner. What is. the mandate of WTO and how binding are their decisions ? Critically analyse India’s stand on the latest round of talks on Food security.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India has recently signed to become founding member? ‘of New Development B Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different ? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of theaid to be used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to accept suc

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The aim of Information Technology Agreements (ITAs) is. to lower all taxes and tariffs on information technology products by signatories to zero. What impact would such agreements have on India’s interests ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Two parallel run schemes of the Government, viz. the Adhaar Card and NPR, one as voluntary and the other as. compulsory, have led to debates at national levels and also litigations. On metits, discuss whether or not both schemes need run concurrently. Analyse the potential of the

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organization been the cause of slow change in India ? Critically examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs. be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic independence in designing courses and also decide mode/criteria of selection of students. Discuss in light of the growing challenges.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: An athlete participates in Olympics for personal triumph and nation’s ‘glory; victors are showered with cash incentives by various agencies, on their return. Discuss the merit of state sponsored talent hunt and its cultivation as against the rationale of a reward mechanism as enco

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do government’ s schemes for up-lifting vulnerable and backward communities by protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion in establishing businesses in ‘urban economies?”

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The penetration of Self Help Groups-(SHGs) in rural areas. in promoting participation in development programmes is facing socio-cultural. hurdles. Examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: National Human Rights Commission: (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure. the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciar

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘The setting up of a Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped Indian Railways to demand subsidy for obligation to operate non-profitable routes and services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector, discuss if. the proposed reform is ex

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though 100 percent FDI is already allowed in non-news media like a trade publication and general entertainment channel, the Government is mulling over the proposal for increased FDI in news media for quite some time. What difference would an increase in FDI make ? Critically evalu

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The size of the cabinet should be as big as governmental work justifies and as big as the Prime Minister can ‘manage as a team. How far is the.efficacy of a government then inversely related to the size of the cabinet ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Instances of President’s delay in commuting death sentences has come under public debate as denial of justice. Should there be a time limit specified for the President to accept/reject such petitions ? Analyse.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by the. concept “freedom of speech and expression” ? Does it cover hate speech also ? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The ‘Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members’ as envisaged in Article 105 of the-Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un-enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the ‘parliamenta

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though the federal principle is dominant in our Constitution and that principle is one of its basic features, but it is equally true that federalism under the Indian Constitution leans in favour of a strong Centre, a feature that militates against the concept of strong federalism.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Starting from inventing the ‘basic structure’ doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring that ‘India. develops into a thriving democracy. ‘In light of the statement, evaluate the role played by judicial activism in achieving the ideals of democracy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Project ‘Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian Government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous.” Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 2011 tabled in the Parliament is passed, there may be no one left to protect.” Critically evaluate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency, accountability.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that the private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you suggest?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of higher and technical education in the country? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India’s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine critically the recent changes in the rules governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India’s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Resorting to ordinances has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of powers doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate ordinances, analyze whether the decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue have further facilitated resort

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set the things right in this reg

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, ‘Panchayats’ and ‘Samitis’ have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instruments of governance. Critically discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO ? What is India’s position on these ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post Cold War international scenario.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries.” Discuss in the Indian perspective.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes more educated, aware, skilled and creative.” What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.” Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In the integrity index of Transparency International, India stands very low. Discuss briefly the legal, political, economic, social and cultural factors that have caused the decline of public morality in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in the governance system are inter-dependent.” Discuss their relationship in the context of India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal.” Critically examine this statement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is a quasi-judicial body ? Explain with the help of concrete examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Did the Government of India Act, 1935 lay down a federal constitution ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What was held in the Coelho case ? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst the basic features of the Constitution ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the ‘Preamble’. Are they defendable in the present circumstances?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Exercise of CAG’s powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived from Article 149 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government’s policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.” Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note “Temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir”, temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any, that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor in the administration of Delhi. Do you think that this will give ris

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Indian diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian diaspora in South-East Asia in this context.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian countries.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services? Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Poverty alleviation programmes in India remain mere showpieces until and unless they are backed up by political will.” Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programmes in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The emergence of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the State from developmental activities.” Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding joint session of the two Houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reason thereof.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough “to remove cascading effect of taxes and provide for common national market for goods and services”?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia.” In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Hunger and poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure effective mechanism for empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in the society? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation and hygiene needs the identification of the beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes.” Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the role of Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as more powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government’s accountability to the people.” Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine the Supreme Court’s judgement on ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with reference to appointment of judges of higher judiciary in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The local self-government system in India has not proved to be effective instrument of governance.” Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of Trade War’, especially keeping in mind the interest of India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Citizens’ Charter is an ideal instrument of organizational transparency and accountability, but it has its own limitations. Identify the limitations and suggest measures for greater effectiveness of the Citizens’ Charter.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far do you agree with the view that the focus on lack of availability of food as the main cause of hunger takes the attention away from ineffective human development policies in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Multiplicity of various commissions for the vulnerable sections of the society leads to problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functionsy Is it better to merge all commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission? Argue your case.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the importance of the Panchayat system in India as a part of local government. Apart from government grants, what sources the Panchayats can look out for financing developmental projects?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is the Finance Commission of India constituted? What do you know about the terms of reference of the recently constituted Finance Commission? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two political systems are based.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far do you agree with the view that tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the tribiinals in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Whether the Supreme Court Judgement (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India's joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: E-governance is not only about utilization of the power of new technology, but also much about critical importance of the ‘use value’ of information. Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Appropriate local community-level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health for All’ in India, Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Policy contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in inadequate ‘protection and prevention of degradation’ to environment.” Comment with relevant illustrations.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play.” Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Under what circumstances cam the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Whether National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) can enforce the implementation of constitutional reservation for the Scheduled Castes in the religious minority institutions? Examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of clections in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s national self-esteem and ambitions.’ Explain with suitable examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order." Elaborate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of policy process. — Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘team spirit’. In the light of statements above examine India’s de

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “In the context of neo-liberal paradigm of development planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages.’ — Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Individual Parliamentarian’s role as the national law maker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The Attorney-General of India is the chief legal adviser and the lowyer of the India". Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self-government has had a limited on patriachal character of Indian Political Process. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power.” In the light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its ame

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the Representation of Peoples Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such against his disqualification.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.’ Discuss the statement in the light of US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being “anti-Israel bias’.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/Programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors, and suggest measures for there effective implementation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items squeezing their food budget. Elucidate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Despite consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What can France learn from the Indian Constitution's approach to secularism?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, 'Principle of Federal Supermacy' and "Harmonious Construction" have emerged. Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the methods used by Farmers' organisations to influence the policy makers in India and how effective are these methods?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The Central Administrative Tribunal which was established for redressel of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority." Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do you think that Constitution of India does not accept "principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balance’ ? Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals ? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)’ is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times — Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development-Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine the statement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Micro-Finance as an anti-poverty vaccine, is aimed at asset creation and income security of the rural poor in India”. Evaluate the role of the Self Help Groups in achieving the twin objectives along with empowering women in rural India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The incedence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty based on income alone”. In this context analyse the latest United Nations Multidimensional Poverty Index Report.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Which steps are required for constitutionalization ofa Commission ? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a ‘useless stepney tyre’ to the most useful supporting organ in past few decades, Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation could be visible.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The strength and sustenance of local institutions in India has shifted from their formative phase of ‘Functions, Functionaries and Funds’ to the contemporary stage of ‘Functionality’. Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Judicial Legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of. powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. In this context justify the filing of large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Indian Constitution exhibits centralising tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries’. Comment with examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the Covid-19 pandemic.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government”. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal healthcare. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker’ ! Do you think this practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implications for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The judicial systems in India and UK seer to be converging as well as diverging in recent timds. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far do you think cooperation, competition atid confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite same recent examples to validate your answer.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission”. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “There is a need for simplification of procedure. for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act”. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Can civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and feminist movement has been patriarchal.” Apart from women education and women empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas, coupled with lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development? Examine with justification.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Right to Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting probe within a particular State is being questioned by various States. However, the power of the States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special refere

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Earn while you learn’ scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful.” Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development.” Analyze.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India.” Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the States to improve their fiscal position?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: ‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyze the factors for highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new Sugar mills in the Southern states of India? Discuss with Justification.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the habitants of the place?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called “Phailin”. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents. Why?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: There is.no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghat. Why?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in generation of demand for a separate State. Discuss. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine the effect of globalization on the aged population in India. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women's organizations free from gender bias." Comment. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What policy instruments were deployed to contain the Great Economic Depression? (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism." Substantiate. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Africa was chopped into States artificially created by accidents of European competition." Analyze. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Latecomer' Industrial Revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what West had experienced." Analyze. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Analyze the circumstances that led to the Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the Agreement. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the contributions of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre- and post- independent India. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan, 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan Movements initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India." Elaborate. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch- bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss. (100 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the 'Tandava' dance as recorded in early Indian inscriptions. (100 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment. (200 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: HOW do the Indian debates on •secularism differ from the debates in the West?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The life cycle Of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why do some of the most prosperous regions Of India have an adverse Sex ratio for Women? Give your arguments.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle-class working woman in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The New Economic Policy — 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What were the évedts that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain's self-image as a world power?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What were the major political; economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India'?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu / Muslim scwietiæ to any appreciable extent. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic locat.ion caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modem sense

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Debate the issue Of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation Of caste.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars ? Discuss critically.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England ? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present ?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years but for the experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How different would have Eren the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi ? Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme’.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and of the 'Smart City Programme'.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from the process of deprivation." Substantiate this statement with suitable examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent globalization has influenctxl the core Of cultural diversity in India? Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Has the formation Of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards colonial India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues employment but has also created new problems. Substantiate this statement with examples. Urbanization

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the won population residing in Monsoon Asia?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does the cryosphere affect global climate?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems." Substantiat.e this statement with examples. (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Distinguish betwæn religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India. (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The women's questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19 century reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period ? (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century. (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian Society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate. (250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence, addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs) ? (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: In the context of the diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States ? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What problems were germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula ? (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why did the 'Moderates' fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century ? (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity. (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times ? (150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: “The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identify industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Define blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Women's movement in India has not addressed the issue of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the consequences of spreading of Dead Zones on marine ecosystem?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Artic region?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.' Argue by giving suitable illustrations. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society.' Elucidate.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Women's movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata.' Substantiate your view. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mention core strategies for the transformation Of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why indentured labour Was taken by the British from India to Other colonies? Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation With the advent Of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu- Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How the Indian concept of secularism is different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Despite implementation Of various programmes for eradication Of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing.' Explain by giving reasons.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India." Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the reconstruction of the history Of India. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Empowering women is the key to control population growth. Discuss

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and the coastal environment? Give suitable examples?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Are we losing our local identity for the global identity ? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space ? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation ? Elaborate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How is emcient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India ? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid b' the American and French Revolutions. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process Of transfer of power during the 1940s. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the challenges to Our cultural practices in the name Of secularism ? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "Empowering women is the key to control population growth." Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What makes the Indian society unique in sustaining its culture ? Discuss. (Answer in 150 Words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India ? (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century's 'Indian Renaissance' and the emergence of national identity. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The 1857 Uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its development. Elaborate

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India?

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The process of desertification does not have climatic boundaries. Justify with examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning Of the education system in the country? Elaborate on your answer. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. DO you agree? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Account for the huge flooding Of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Since the decade Of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Persian literary sources of Medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Indian philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: DO you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence Of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Has caste lost its relevance in Understanding the multi-cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movement. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: The rock-cut architecture represents one Of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth ? Explain.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Why is India considered as a subcontinent? Elaborate your answer.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values Enumerate the changes taking place in it. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: "There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars." Evaluate the statement. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: To what extent did the role of the Moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the role of 'Gig Economy' in the process of empowerment of women in India. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. (Answer in 150 words)

📄 UPSC Mains Answer: Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti literature and its contribution to Indian culture. (Answer in 150 words)