UPSC Mains Answer: One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017-18 is to 'transform, energize and clean India'. Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget 2017-18 to achieve the objective.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Sub-category: Indian Economy (Post-Independence)

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The Union Budget 2017-18, presented under the theme 'Transform, Energize, and Clean India,' introduced a multi-pronged strategy to achieve its ambitious objectives. This essay analyzes the key measures proposed to fulfill these goals.
Introduction: The Budget 2017-18 aimed to catalyze India’s growth trajectory by focusing on transformative reforms, energizing key sectors, and promoting cleanliness and sustainability. These measures were designed to address structural challenges while fostering inclusive development.
Transform India: To transform the economy, the Budget emphasized digitalization and financial inclusion. The push for a cashless economy through initiatives like BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) and Aadhaar-enabled payments sought to formalize transactions. Additionally, the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was expanded to support micro-enterprises, fostering entrepreneurship. Infrastructure development, particularly in rural areas, was prioritized through increased allocations for roads, railways, and affordable housing under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY).
Energize India: The Budget aimed to energize key sectors such as agriculture, youth, and the poor. For agriculture, the target of doubling farmers' income by 2022 was reinforced through higher allocations for irrigation, crop insurance (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana), and soil health cards. The education sector saw a focus on skill development via the SANKALP (Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion) program. Furthermore, the Mahila Shakti Kendra scheme was introduced to empower rural women.
Clean India: Cleanliness and sustainability were central themes. The Swachh Bharat Mission received a boost with enhanced funding for sanitation and waste management. The Budget also promoted renewable energy by setting a target of 175 GW of installed capacity by 2022, with tax incentives for solar power projects. Additionally, the introduction of the Clean Environment Cess aimed to curb pollution and promote green technologies.
Conclusion: The Budget 2017-18 laid a robust foundation for transforming India into a digitally empowered, economically vibrant, and environmentally sustainable nation. While the measures were well-intentioned, their effective implementation remains critical to achieving the vision of a 'New India.'