UPSC Mains Answer: Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Pre-requisite: Understanding of agricultural practices, nutritional science, and the role of the United Nations in promoting global sustainability initiatives. Familiarity with the concept of nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops and the basics of the UN Sustainable Dev

Sub-category: Geography (Agriculture and Resource Management)

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The United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses (IYP) to highlight the multifaceted advantages of pulse cultivation, which align with global sustainable development goals. Pulses, such as lentils, chickpeas, and beans, offer a trifecta of benefits: nutritional security, environmental sustainability, and economic resilience for farmers.
Nutritionally, pulses are a powerhouse of plant-based protein, fiber, vitamins (like folate), and minerals (such as iron and zinc). They play a pivotal role in combating malnutrition and non-communicable diseases like diabetes and obesity, particularly in developing nations where protein deficiency is rampant. Their low glycemic index makes them ideal for dietary diversification, addressing the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition.
Environmentally, pulses contribute to sustainable agriculture through their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. This reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing soil fertility. Their deep root systems improve soil structure, prevent erosion, and promote water retention, making them drought-resistant crops. Additionally, pulses have a low water footprint compared to other protein sources, conserving precious freshwater resources.
Economically, pulses are a low-input, high-value crop that empowers smallholder farmers, especially in rain-fed and marginal lands. Their cultivation provides a stable income source, reduces rural poverty, and enhances food security by diversifying agricultural systems. The global pulse trade also fosters international cooperation, bridging gaps between surplus and deficit regions.
The IYP 2016 underscored pulses as a cornerstone for achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). By integrating pulses into agricultural policies and dietary guidelines, nations can foster a healthier, more sustainable, and equitable future.