UPSC Mains Answer: What is a wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of •wise use' in the context of wetland conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar Sites from India.

Difficulty Level: Medium

Sub-category: Environment and Ecology (Biodiversity and Conservation)

Introduction

A wetland is a distinct ecosystem where water either covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods, supporting both aquatic and terrestrial species. These areas, including marshes, swamps, and peatlands, play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, flood control, and water purification.

Body

The Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental treaty established in 1971, introduced the concept of wise use of wetlands. Wise use emphasizes the sustainable utilization of wetlands for the benefit of humanity while maintaining their ecological character. It advocates for balancing conservation with development through integrated management, stakeholder participation, and scientific research. In India, two prominent Ramsar Sites exemplify this approach:", Examples: "1. Chilika Lake (Odisha): Asias largest brackish water lagoon, recognized for its rich biodiversity and efforts to restore its ecological health through community-based conservation.", "2. Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan): A man-made wetland renowned for its avian diversity, where sustainable tourism and habitat management practices align with the wise use principle.

Conclusion

The Ramsar concept of wise use underscores the need for harmonizing human needs with wetland conservation, ensuring these ecosystems continue to provide ecological, economic, and social benefits for future generations.