UPSC Mains Answer: What are the salient features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government Of India for water conservation and water security?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Sub-category: Environment and Ecology (Water Resources Management)

Introduction

The Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA), launched by the Government of India in 2019, is a time-bound, mission-mode water conservation campaign aimed at addressing the critical water crisis in the country. Aligned with the vision of Jal Samriddhi (water prosperity), JSA seeks to ensure water security through community participation, convergence of existing schemes, and sustainable water management practices.

Body

Salient Features

Community Participation: "JSA emphasizes Jan Andolan (peoples movement) by involving local communities, NGOs, and stakeholders in water conservation efforts. It encourages the adoption of traditional water harvesting techniques like johads and baolis alongside modern methods.

Convergence of Schemes

Focus on Water-Stressed Districts

JSA targets 256 water-stressed districts across India, prioritizing areas with acute water scarcity. It promotes the rejuvenation of water bodies, groundwater recharge, and afforestation to enhance water availability.

Technology and Innovation

The campaign leverages modern technology, including geospatial data and remote sensing, to identify water-stressed regions and monitor progress. It also promotes the use of water-efficient technologies in agriculture and industries.

Capacity Building and Awareness

JSA includes extensive training programs for local officials, farmers, and communities to build capacity in water conservation techniques. Awareness campaigns are conducted to educate citizens about the importance of water conservation.

Conclusion

The Jal Shakti Abhiyan represents a holistic and inclusive approach to water conservation, combining traditional wisdom with modern innovation. By fostering community participation and convergence of resources, it aims to secure Indias water future and ensure sustainable development for generations to come.